水稻几种不同细胞质主要性状的杂种优势效应及其遗传距离

以6组水稻同核异质杂种F_1和亲本为材料,用系×测验系分析法和主成份分析法研究了四种水稻细胞质在19个性状上的杂种优势效应及其遗传距离。系×测验系分析表明,供试胞质对结实率等4个性状的杂种优势仅表现胞质基因效应,对剑叶光合强度等5个性状的杂种优势既表现胞质基因效应,又表现核质互作效应,可育胞质对这些性状多数表现正向胞质基因效应。遗传距离分析表现,雄不育胞质与可育胞质间的遗传差异大于不育胞质间的遗传差异,D胞质、G胞质与野败胞质的遗传差异大于D、G胞质问的遗传差异。以上结果表明,胞质可用来改良作物目标性状,遗传距离分析可作为研究胞质亲缘关系的一种方法。

CYTOPLASMIC EFFCCTS ON HETEROSIS IN MAIN CHARACTERS AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN SEVERAL KINDS OF RICE CYTOPLASMS

The effects of cytoplasm on heterosis in 19 agricultural and physiological traits and the genetic divergence in four kinds of cytoplasms were estimated by line × tester and multivariate analysis in six groups of F_1 hybrids and their parents, each F_1 in a group having the same nucleus and different cytoplasm. Significant cytoplasmic GCA and SCA variances showed the importance of the effects of cytoplasmic genome and nucleus-plasm interaction for heterosi son 9 and 5 traits, respectively. The distance analysis revealed that the genetic differences between the fertile and sterile cytoplasms were bigger than those among the steriles, and that the difference between D and G cytoplasm was smaller than that between D and W, G and W cytoplasm. These findings indicated that cytoplasm could be used for improving crop traits and the genetic distance analysis, as a tool for studying genetic relationship among cytoplasms.