黑麦染色体对小麦籽粒胚乳发育结构的影响

利用小麦-黑麦的7个附加系为材料,研究了黑麦染色体对籽粒淀粉粒的形成和胚乳细胞数目多少的影响。结果表明,不同的黑麦染色体对淀粉粒的形成有不同的影响,其中4R、6R、7R上可能携载有籽粒皱缩的基因,导致籽粒的不饱满特性。同时不同的黑麦染色体对胚乳细胞分裂持续期和胚乳细胞数的影响也有差异,其中1R和3R可缩短,2R、5R和7R可适当延长胚乳细胞分裂持续期,6R和1R能增加,2R和7R能降低最大胚乳细胞数;各黑麦染色体以不同的方式影响胚乳细胞发育,阻碍淀粉的积累;利用黑麦染色体种质改良小麦,增加其库容能力,关键在授粉后21d内胚乳的形成和发育。

Effect of Rye Chromosomes on Wheat Endosperm Development

By using 7 rye additional wheat lines as materials, the effects of rye chromosomes on wheat seed storage starch development and endosperm cell number were studied. The results indicate that different rye chromosomes have different effects on storage starch development, 4R, 6R and 7R may carry the genes for seed shrivelling and make a reduction in the seed plumpness. The effects of different rye chromosomes on the endosperm cell division phase and endosperm cell number are different, 1R and 3R can shorten the endosperm cell division phase opposite to 2R, 5R and 7R, while 6R and 1R can increase the maxium endosperm cell number opposite to 2R and 7R. All the rye chromosomes affect the endosperm development in different ways and restrict the deposit of starch granules in the endosperms. Formation and development of the endosperm in 21 days after pollination are a key to using rye chromosomes to improve wheat variety.