黑麦属种质资源的主要农艺性状分析

对黑麦属4个种共70份材料的株高、有效穗、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重等主要农艺性状进行了考察。结果表明,黑麦属材料间农艺性状差异明显,具有多种类型。栽培黑麦的有效穗、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重等产量组成性状明显高于其他种,因而在以改良小麦产量性状为目的的育种实践中应首选栽培黑麦。森林黑麦适合作为矮源,山地黑麦和瓦维洛夫黑麦材料的性状变异系数也较大。栽培黑麦植株普遍偏高,相关分析及主成分分析均表明,打破株高与有效穗、穗粒数及千粒重间正的极显著的偏相关关系有一定难度但也非完全不可能。根据黑麦属材料农艺性状主成分因子综合指标进行聚类分析,结果表明,栽培黑麦第A类和第C类综合性状较为优良。

Analysis of Main Agronomic Characters in Secale

The main agronomic traits, including plant height, panicle number per plant, spike length, spikelet number per ear, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were investigated in the 70 Secale accessions. The results showed that rich diversities existed in the evaluated agronomic traits among accessions and numerous types of germplasms could be found in Secale. The cultivated ryes were recommended for wheat yield improvement because of their better yield related traits. S.sylvestre was suitable to be utilized as dwarf resources. Because the variant coefficients of S.strictum and S.vavilovii were higher, it might be feasible to pick out outstanding germplasms from them through selecting a large number of samples. The plant height of cultivated ryes was generally much higher than that of wheat. However, it was not easy but in fact feasible to change the correlation between plant height and the other traits based on the correlation and principal component analysis. On the basis of the principal elements, the cultivated ryes were clustered into 5 groups, in which group A and C were identified to contain better integrative agronomic traits.