籼稻骨干亲本产量相关性状遗传效应

【目的】研究水稻产量相关性状的遗传效应、遗传率和遗传相关,旨在加深理解水稻产量相关性状遗传体系。【方法】以几个重要的恢复系和不育系为材料,采用加性-显性-母体效应遗传模型(ADM模型)和统计分析方法研究水稻产量相关性状遗传效应、遗传率和遗传相关。【结果】研究表明水稻产量相关性状同时受加性效应、显性效应和母体效应的控制,穗总粒数、单株总粒数、千粒重和单株重以加性效应占主导,株高和单株有效穗则由显性效应和母体效应共同控制;狭义遗传率以千粒重的表现最高,单株重次之;不育系中粤泰A能增加单株有效穗,Y58S和中9A能增加单株总粒数;恢复系中绵恢725能增加穗总粒数、单株粒数、单株重和千粒重;此外,遗传相关研究表明通过增加穗总粒数和单株总粒数可以达到增加单株重的目的,而要选到穗总粒数较多的材料有效穗不能太多。【结论】在水稻产量相关性状育种实践中,应根据水稻产量相关性状的遗传方式不同采用不同的选育方法。穗总粒数、单株总粒数、千粒重、单株重和播始历期可在常规聚合育种上通过世代综合选择,使加性效应得以稳定遗传,而株高和单株有效穗在杂种优势利用上有一定的潜力。千粒重和单株重早期世代选择效果较好,株高和单株有效穗高代选择比较适宜。

Study on the Genetic Effects of Yield-related Traits in Major Parental Lines of Indica Rice

【Objective】 Studying on genetic effect,heritability and genetic correlation of yield-related traits aims at deepen understanding the genetic system of yield-related traits in rice.【Method】 Genetic effect,heritability and genetic correlation of yield-related traits were conducted by using additive-dominant-maternal effects genetic model(ADM model) and its statistical method with several important restorer lines and sterile lines as the material in this article.【Results】 The results showed that yield-related traits in rice were controlled by additive,dominant and maternal effect,among which grain number per panicle,total grain number per plant,1 000-grain-weight and yield per plant were mainly controlled by additive effects.Plant height and effective spikes number per plant were controlled by both maternal and dominant effects.As for narrow heritability,the 1 000-grain-weight was the highest,the yield per plant was the next.As for sterile lines,Yuetai A can increase effective spikes number per plant,Y58S and Zhong 9A can increase total grain number per plant.Mianhui 725(restorer lines) can increase the grain number per panicle, total grain number per plant,yield per plant and 1 000-grain-weight.In addition,the genetic correlation showed that it is able to achieve the goal to increase yield per plant through increasing grain number per panicle and total grain number per plant.And in order to breed of material more grain number per panicle,it is not too much of effective spikes number per plant.【Conclusion】 In breeding of yield-related traits in rice practice,it should be adopted different methods on the basis of different inheritance of yield-related traits.As for grain number per panicle,total grain number per plant,1 000-grain-weight,yield per plant and duration from seeding to heading,additive effect can be stably inherited through adopted complicated selection of generation in conventional pyramiding breeding.It is a greater potential for plant height and effective spikes number per plant.As for 1 000-grain-weight and yield per plant,the result of the selection is better in early generation.The selection of plant height and effective spikes number per plant is more appropriate in advanced generation.