中国小麦族旱麦草属的研究

本文对国产仅有的４种旱麦草属植物：旱麦草Ｅｒｅｍｏｐｙｒｕｍｔｒｉｔｉｃｅｕｍ（Ｇａｅｒｔｎ．）Ｎｅｖｓｋｉ（２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１４）、毛穗旱麦草Ｅ．ｄｉｓｔａｎｓ（Ｃ．Ｋｏｃｈ）Ｎｅｖｓｋｉ（２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１４）、东方旱麦草Ｅ．ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｅ（Ｌ．）Ｊａｕｂ．ｅｔＳｐａｃｈ（２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８）和光穗旱麦草Ｅ．ｂｏｎａｅｐａｒｔｉｓ（Ｓｐｒｅｎｇ．）Ｎｅｖｓｋｉ（２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８）的系统分类、分布、染色体组构成和生物系统学关系进行了研究。它们分布于新疆天山山脉，Ｅ．ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｅ是由Ｅ．ｄｉｓｔａｎｓ与Ｅ．ｔｒｉｔｉｃｅｕｍ天然杂交，染色体加倍的双二倍体衍生而来。Ｅ．ｂｏｎａｅｐａｒｔｉｓ是由分布在伊朗、伊拉克、土耳其的二倍体Ｅ．ｂｏｎａｅｐａｒｔｉｓ和Ｅ．ｄｉｓ－ｔａｎｓ杂交形成的双二倍体衍生而来。旱麦草属与小麦族中的其他属之间的亲缘关系很远，染色体组的同源性很小。旱麦草属是在第四纪地中海气候形成后才逐渐分化形成的，起源于地中海—中亚区域。它的核型极端不对称，说明它在小麦族中处于更为进化的位置。

STUDIES ON THE GENUS EREMOPYRUM (POACEAE: TRITICEAE) IN CHINA

Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub.et Spach is a small genus in tribe Triti-ceae (Poaceae). There are four species in China, only distributed in Tianshan Mountain range areas of Xinjiang. They are E.triticeum (Gaertn.) Nevski (2n=2x=14), E.distans (C.Koch) Nevski (2n=2x=14), E.orientale (L.) Jaub. et Spach (2n=4x=28), and E.bonaepartis (Spreng.) Nevski (2n=4x=28). Their classifications,distributions, chromosome constitutions and biosystematic relationships were discusssed in the present paper. E.orientale derived from an amphiploid of the natural hybrid between E.triticeum and E.distans,while tetraploid E.bonaepartis originated from the hybrid between diploid E. bonaepartis from Iran, Iraq and Turkey and E.distans. No genomic homology can be find between Eremopyrum and other genera in Triticeae, and their relationships are remote. It was occurred after the Mediterranean Climate formation in the Quaternary and originated in Mediterranean-Central Asia region. Its asymmetrical karyotype indicated its advanced stage in tribe Triticeae.