生物技术在玉米育种中的应用

近年来生物技术在玉米育种中的应用取得了一定成果。通过转基因技术和SSR、AFLP分子标记的应用,加快了玉米研究进程,育成了抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂的玉米,有利于研究玉米群体遗传多样性,建立玉米杂种优势群,提高玉米QPM育种效率,缩短育种进程。但由于研究费用过高,基因技术与SSR标记缺乏有用的玉米基因,基因沉默现象也成为开展玉米生物技术育种的限制因素。随着生物技术的飞速发展及其研究的日趋成熟,在拓宽玉米自交系种质材料,提高杂交种抗逆、抗病性和产量,完善玉米转基因技术体系,发掘玉米高产、优质、高抗、高油、高直链淀粉基因并进行相关标记的定位等方面将发挥更大的作用,应用前景广阔。

Application of biotechnology in maize breeding

The application of biotechnology in maize breeding has got a certain achievements in recent years.It has facilitated research process of maize by applying transgene technology,SSR and AFLP markers;developed maize varieties with resistance to insects,disease,and herbicide;increased genetic diversity of maize population;set up hereosis groups;increased breeding efficiency of quality protein maize;and shortened breeding process.High cost for research,lack of useful maize genes and SSR markers,and gene silence become the restrictive factors for carrying out biotechnology breeding of maize.With rapid development and perfect research,biotechnology will play more important role in widening inbred lines germplasm materials of maize;increasing resistance to adversity and disease and its yield of maize hybrids;perfecting transgenic technology system;exploring high-yield with good quality,strong resistance,high oil and amylose genes,and locating for the relative markers.