不同饵料培养基对克氏原螯虾池塘浮游藻类及水质的影响

【目的】筛选出适合克氏原螯虾养殖的新型饵料培养基,为开展池塘施肥养殖虾蟹提供科学依据。【方法】将不同饵料培养基（底栖饵料生物培养基、鸡粪培养基、鸡粪＋猪粪混合培养基）施入克氏原螯虾养殖池塘,每种培养基设两个重复,试验期间以视野法计数浮游藻类,并测定pH、溶解氧（DO）、氨氮、亚硝酸盐、H2S等相关水质化学指标。【结果】与其他池塘相比,施底栖饵料生物培养基池塘的蓝藻门和裸藻门种类数明显减少,硅藻门种类数极显著增加并成为优势种群（P〈0.01）;浮游藻类的Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Weaver多样性指数也均高于其他两种培养基。在浮游藻类生物量方面,施底栖饵料生物培养基池塘的硅藻门生物量及其所占比例分别为51.01 mg/L和44.4%,约是其他两种培养基的两倍;而裸藻门和蓝藻门的生物量及其所占比例也明显低于其他两种培养基。在水质化学指标方面,底栖饵料生物培养基能稳定水体pH,有效降低氨氮、亚硝酸盐和H2S含量。【结论】底栖饵料生物培养基可有效抑制有害蓝藻的繁殖,促进有益藻类生长并改善水质,在螯虾池塘养殖中可大面积推广应用。

Effects of different culture media on phytoplankton and water quality in ponds with Procambarus clarkii as the major cultured species

【Objective】A new type of culture medium was screened to provide scientific references for shrimp and crab rearing with fertilizers in the pond. 【Method】Three kinds of culture medium（benthic bait biological culture medium, chicken manure culture medium, chicken manure with pig manure mixed culture medium） were used in different ponds and there were two parallel groups of each medium. The biomass of phytoplankton was counted with perioptometry, and other water-quality indexes were also detected, such as pH, DO, NH3-N, NO2-N and H2 S. 【Result】The results showed that in ponds with benthic bait biological culture medium, the species of cyanophyta and euglenophyta decreased significantly, meanwhile, the species of bacillariophyta increased and dominated（P〈0.01）. Margalef diversity index and Shannon-Weaver diversity index were also higher than those of two kinds of culture medium. The biomass of phytoplankton showed that in ponds with benthic bait biological culture medium, the biomass and proportion of bacillariophyta were 51.01 mg/L and 44.4%, respectively. The biomass of cyanophyta and euglenophyta was smaller than the other two kinds of culture medium. In terms of chemical indexes, compared with other two kinds of culture medium, benthic bait biological culture medium balanced water pH value and effectively reduced the content of NH3-N, NO2-N and H2 S. 【Conclusion】Benthic bait biological culture medium can inhibit the cyanophyta reproduction,promote the growth of beneficial algae and improve the water quality, so it can be recommended for commercial aquaculture production systems.