多效唑、缩节胺和矮壮素对花生化学调控效应的比较研究

【目的】筛选出适宜花生生长的植物生长调节剂及其最佳喷施浓度,为花生生产提供技术指导。【方法】以桂花771为试材,设不同浓度3种植物生长调节剂为处理,分别为多效唑（150、250、350、400mg/L）、缩节胺（200、250、300mg/L）和矮壮素（100、150、200mg/L）,调查花生农艺性状和产量。【结果】3种植物生长调节剂对花生植株生长的抑制程度顺序为：多效唑〉缩节胺〉矮壮素。多效唑、缩节胺和矮壮素分别在400、250和200mg/L时对花生植株生长的抑制程度最大。经多效唑处理的桂花771单株荚果数、单株生产力、产量分别较对照降低。250mg/L缩节胺处理花生单株生产力和产量均高于对照,但差异不显著。200mg/L矮壮素处理花生单株荚果数、单株生产力、产量达到最大值,分别比对照增加了15.7%、23.5%和17.0%。【结论】250mg/L缩节胺和100-200mg/L矮壮素可适当降低花生植株的伸长量,提高花生产量,其中200mg/L矮壮素对花生的化学调控增产效应最好。

Comparative studies on the chemical regulation of peanuts by paclobutrazol, mepiquat chloride and chlorocholine chloride

Objective]The objective of present study was to screen suitable plant growth regulator and its optimum concentration for peanut. Method]A randomized block design experiment was conducted with three replicates. Foliar spray of different concentrations of paclobutrazol （150, 250, 350, 400 mg/L）, mepiquat chloride （200, 250, 300 mg/L） and chlorocholine chloride （100, 150, 200 mg/L） was performed on peanut variety Guihua 771 at early blooming stage. The pod number, seedling number and yield were determined. The height of stem and lateral branch were investigated before spraying and at the time of harvest to measure the relative elongation of stem and lateral branch. Result]The order of restraining degree of 3 plant growth regulators on peanut was： paclobutrazolmepiquat chloridechlorocholine chloride. They showed maximal inhibition degree at the concentrations of 400, 250 and 200 mg/L, respectively. Paclobutrazol treatment made pod number, productivity per plant and yield of Guihua 771 decreased more compared to the control. The yield of peanut and its productivity per plant at 250 mg/L mepiquat chloride concentration were higher than the control, but the difference was not significant. The yield, number of pod and peanut productivity per plant reached the maximum at 200 mg/L chlorocholine chloride treatment, which were 17.0, 15.7 and 23.5% higher than the control, respectively, indicating that chlorocholine chloride could promote the pod setting and yield of peanut. Conclusion]Spraying 250 mg/L mepiquat chloride or 100-200 mg/L chlorocholine chloride could decrease the relative elongation of plant and increase the yield of peanut, and 200 mg/L chlorocholine was found the best.