粉垄后第6季稻田土壤变化与水稻产量品质分析

目的]研究稻田粉垄后第6季土壤及产量、品质状况,为粉垄技术的进一步推广应用提供依据.方法]在粉垄后第6季水稻收获期测定耕层土壤深度、土壤容重、土壤全氮磷钾含量、土壤速效氮磷钾含量以及土壤有机质含量等指标,并进行水稻产量测定和品质分析,与常规耕作（对照）相比,分析粉垄耕作处理后对第6季稻田土壤状况和水稻产量、品质的影响.结果]与对照相比,稻田粉垄耕作深度20～22 cm,至第6季时仍保持22 cm,耕作层加深7 cm,土壤容重降低10.56％,土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量每公顷分别增加48.46％、23.85％和32.89％,土壤全氮、磷、钾含量分别增加25.03％、31.12％和25.59％,有机质含量增加21.46％;第6季稻谷产量增产1832.7 kg/ha,增幅22.65％;粉垄第1～6季平均每季增产897.75 kg/ha,增幅11.10％,净效益平均每季增加21.82％;且品质改善,粉垄稻米整精米率提高4.35％;稻米垩白粒率降低25％,由二级升为一级;稻米垩白度下降43.75％;稻米蛋白质提高13.58％,由三级升为二级.结论]稻田粉垄耕作一次后,至第6季时仍可有效加深土壤耕作层、改善土壤理化性质,对水稻具有持续增产增效的作用.

Effects of smash-ridging cultivation on soil properties,yield and quality of the sixth season of rice

Objective]The effects of smash-ridging cultivation on soil properties,yield and quality of the sixth season of rice were studied to provide references for further application of smash-ridging cultivation. Method]The depth, soil hulk density, contents of soil organic matters, total or available N, P, K of plow layer were measured at the rice harvest stage during the sixth season of smash-ridging cultivation, when rice yield and quality were also de- tected. Finally, the effects of smash-ridging cultivation on soil properties and rice yield and quality at the sixth sea- son were analyzed by comparing with the control. Result]In smash-ridging cultivation treatment, the plow layer was increased to 20-22 cm, and maintained at 22, cm till the sixth season, which was 7 cm deeper than that of the con- trol. Smash-ridging cultivation also reduced soil bulk density by 10.56%, increased the contents of available N, P K by 48.46%, 23.85%, and 32.89%, the contents of the total N, P, K by 25.03%, 31.12%, and 25.59%, the organic matter content by 21.46%, the rice yield at the sixth season by 22.65%, 1832.7 kg/ha more than the yield of con- trol. The rice yield during the sixth seasons showed an increase of 897.75 kg/ha, at a ratio of 11.10% per season on average, while the net economic benefit was increased by 21.82%. In addition, smash-ridging cultivation also im- proved the rice quality, for instance it increased the head milled rice rate by 4.35%, protein content by 13.58%, reduced the chalky rice rate by 25% and chalkiness degree by 43.75%. Conclusion ]Smash-ridging cultivation is beneficial for the sustainable improvement of the depth, soil physicochemical properties of plow layer and rice yield and quality in the sixth season.