惠州西湖景区古树名木病虫害调查及保护建议

【目的】了解广东惠州西湖景区古树名木病虫害发生情况,为西湖景区古树名木养护管理提供参考。【方法】采用普查和抽查相结合的方法,并参考相关文献,对惠州西湖景区内古树名木主要病虫害种类及危害程度进行调查和鉴定。【结果】西湖景区内古树名木共有8科8属9种31棵,病害共12种,其中危害叶片的病害主要有灰斑病、炭疽病、褐斑病、藻斑病、煤污病等,危害树干的病害主要有枝枯病、干腐病;虫害有6目14科19种,其中刺吸性害虫和食叶性害虫主要有榕管蓟马、绵蚧、荔蝽、榕卵痣木虱、天蛾、中国绿刺蛾、棉大卷叶蛾和丽绿刺蛾等,蛀干害虫主要有家白蚁、眉斑楔天牛和云斑天牛等。叶部病害、刺吸性害虫和食叶性害虫对植株的危害较轻,枝枯病、干腐病和家白蚁等对植株的危害较严重。【建议】加强宣传,提高人们对古树名木的保护意识;加强对古树名木的复壮修补及病虫害防治工作;采用科学技术,防控园林植物病虫害。

Investigations on the diseases and insect pests of the ancient and famous trees of West Lake scenic area in Huizhou and suggestions for their protection

Objective]The objective of the current study was to investigate the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of the ancient and famous trees in West Lake scenic area in Huizhou,and to provide reference for their scientific conservation and management.Method]The main diseases and insect pests in the old trees and the grade of damages caused by them were investigated using methods of general investigation and random inspection and referring to the relevant literatures.Result]Thirty-one old trees corresponding to 9 species,8 genus,8 families were found in West Lake scenic area.Twelve kinds of diseases,identified in these trees,which damaged leaves of old trees were Cercospora Sojina Hara,anthracnose,brown patch,Cephaleuros spp,sooty blotch,while the diseases which damaged stem were branch rot and dry rot.Nineteen species of insects corresponding to 14 families of 6 orders were found in scenic area,of which,the piercing and sucking type insects were Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmermann giantcoccid,Tessaratoma papillsa Drury,Macrohomotoma sp.,sphingidae,Parosa sinica M.,Sylepta derogata Fabricius,Latoia lepida（Cramer）,etc,while the insect-pests which damaged the stem were Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki,Glenea cantor Fabricius,Batocera horsfieldi（Hope）,etc.The degree of damages caused by leaf diseases,piercing and sucking type of insects and leaf-feeding insects was lesser,while the diseases branch rot,dry rot of stem and root,and insect-pests Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki caused serious damages on trees.Conclusion]It has been recommended to aware the people for the threats of endangering old plant species,protection of the old trees,enhance rejuvenation and control measures for diseases and insect pests,improve plants resistance to disease and insect pests and application of scientific techniques to prevent and control disease and insect pests for ancient and famous trees.