不同种植密度、施氮量及栽培方式对玉米品种桂糯518产质量的影响

【目的】探索玉米新品种桂糯518最佳种植密度、施氮量和栽培方式等优质高效栽培技术。【方法】试验设种植密度（36000、42000、48000、54000和60000株/ha）、施氮量（0、75.0、150.0、225.0、300.0和375.0kg/ha）和栽培方式（常规栽培、宽窄行栽培、温棚育苗移栽和直播地膜覆盖）3个水平,均为随机区组设计。调查出苗期、采收期、生育期、株高、穗长和产量等性状,并将筛选出的桂糯518优质高效栽培技术在广西北海、南宁、都安、贵港4个点进行示范,测定产量及品质性状。【结果】随着种植密度的增加,株高整体呈下降的趋势,穗长变短。种植密度为54000株/ha时,桂糯518产量最高;随着施氮量的增加,桂糯518表现略为晚熟,株高略有增高,施纯氮300.0kg/ha时,桂糯518鲜食产量最高;直播地膜覆盖处理时,玉米鲜食产量最高,宽窄行栽培处理次之,温棚育苗移栽处理产量最低;桂糯518在4个示范点平均比常规栽培增产7.68%,综合品质略优于常规栽培。【结论】桂糯518采用宽窄行栽培方式,种植密度48000~54000株/ha,施纯氮量300.0kg/ha左右时,产量及品质较高。

Effects of different planting densities,nitrogen application rates and planting methods on yield and quality of maize variety Guinuo 518

Objective]The present study was conducted to find out the optimum planting density, rate of nitrogen application and planting methods on yield and quality of maize variety Guinuo 518. Method]Different planting densities （36000, 42000, 48000, 54000 and 60000 plants/ha）, rates of nitrogen application （0, 75.0, 150.0, 225.0, 300.0 and 375.0 kg/ha） and planting methods （direct seeding with plastic film mulching, seedling nursery and transplantation, wide and narrow row planting and conventional planting） were applied for the cultivation of rice variety Guinuo 518 in a randomized block design experiment under field conditions. The emergence of seedlings, growth duration, harvest time,plant height and ear length were investigated. The screened high effective cultivation technique of Guinuo 518 was demonstrated in Beihai, Nanning, Du＇an and Guigang （Guangxi, China）, using high efficiency techniques and its yield and quality characteristics were determined. Result]A decreasing trend was observed in plant height and ear length with increasing planting density, however, the plants treated with 54000 plants per ha planting density attained the highest yield. Increasing the rate of nitrogen application resulted in delayed maturity and higher plant height. Nitrogen application @ 300.0 kg/ha gave the highest fresh grain yield. The method of direct seeding with plastic film mulching resulted in highest fresh grain yield followed by the method of wide and narrow row planting, and method of seedling nursery and transplantation. The average yield and quality of Guinuo 518 planted at four demonstration sites was higher compared to the conventional methods. The average increase in yield was 7.7%. Conclusion]On the basis of results, it was concluded that planting @ 48000-54000 plants per ha in wide and narrow row system and applying 300.0 kg/ha nitrogen resulted in highest yield and quality of rice variety Guinuo 518.