玉林农区鼠形动物群落结构及危害分析

目的]摸清玉林市主要农区鼠形动物群落结构及对农业的危害,为玉林农区鼠形动物综合防治提供科学依据.方法]2011年3月～2012年4月,以果园、菜地、农田、旱地及居民区等5个生境为样品采集地,根据随机取样原则,利用铗日法对玉林农区鼠形动物群落结构、数量及动态进行调查,并采用胃检法进行食性分析.结果]5种生境中共捕获鼠形动物423只,隶属2目2科5属9种,其中食虫目1科1属1种251只,啮齿目1科4属8种172只.平均捕获率为8.66％,其中居民区捕获率最高,占捕获总数的39.01％.以臭鼩为绝对优势种,占59.34％,褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、黄毛鼠、社鼠、板齿鼠、小家鼠等为常见种,针毛鼠、黑家鼠为少见种.一年中有两个捕获高峰,分别为7和10月.食性分析显示,臭鼩以动物性食物为主,啮齿类以植物性食物为主,褐家鼠、黄胸鼠和板齿鼠对农业危害较大.结论]玉林农区鼠形动物种群密度较高,啮齿类对农业危害较大,应采取有效措施进行防治.

Community structure and harm of rat-shaped animals in farming areas of Yulin

Objective]Community structure of rat-shaped animals in Yulin area and their harm on agriculture were surveyed and analyzed in order to provide scientific references for comprehensive control and treatment of rat-shaped animals.Method]From March 2011 to April 2012,samples were randomly chosen and trap-day method was used to survey the community structure,population size and seasonal fluctuation of rat-shaped animals in five different habitats of rat-shaped animals in Yulin area,including orchard,vegetable land,paddyfield,dry land and residential area.Furthermore,stomachs of these samples were isolated and their feeding habits were analyzed.Result]A total of 423 rat-shaped animals were captured from five different habitats,including 2 orders,2 families,5 genera and 9 species.The average catching rate of rat-shaped animals was 8.66％ in farming areas of Yulin with the highest rate in residential area （39.01％）.Among these rat-shaped animals,Suncus murinus was a dominant species,with a total of 251 individuals accounting for 59.34％.Rattus norvegicus,Rattus flavipectus,Rattus lossea,Niviventer confucianus,Mus musculus and Bandicota indica were common,while Rattus rattus and Niviventer fulvescens were rare.For these species,there were two capture peaks in one year （July ＆ October）.The results of feeding habits analysis showed that musk shrew was omnivorous,mainly feeding on animal,while the rodent was herbivorous.Conclusion]The population density of rat-shaped animals in Yulin was higher than that of other areas,and all rodent animals were harmful to agriculture.Thus,it is necessary and urgent to control the population size of rodent using effectual strategies in Yulin area.