铁皮石斛规模化种植关键技术

铁皮石斛是一种名贵中草药材,因其繁殖率低、生长缓慢,难以实现规模化种植。作者通过为期8年的试验攻关,总结出铁皮石斛规模化种植各个阶段的关键技术：注重道地优异种质的鉴定与选择,以红皮居群或软脚类型为主;选择野生种质果实种子作组培外植体,继代增殖控制在6～8代以内;强化组培苗瓶中炼苗适应及出瓶假植驯化,培育壮苗;选择适宜的栽培方式和基质配方,移栽定植于每年3～5月或7～8月进行,大棚栽植密度为52.5万～60.0万丛/ha;科学肥水管理,及时摘除花芽,适时采收,合理加工。

Key techniques for large-scale plantation of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

Dendrobium officinale is a rare Chinese herb and it is difficult to carry out large-scale plantations due to lower propagation rate and its slower growth properties.The researches on the development of new techniques for its large scale plantations are in progress.The researches efforts during the last eight years resulted in some key techniques for large-scale plantations of Dendrobium officinale which have been summarized as follows： emphasis on identification and selection of excellent genuine germplasm for red skin group or Ruanjiao type,using fruit seeds of wild germplasm as explants for tissue culture with 6-8 times of subculture,transplantation under controlled conditions for hardening,selecting suitable cultivation techniques and growth matrix,transplanting during March to May or June to August with 52.5-60.0×10^4 clusters/ha of planting density in greenhouse,scientific fertilizer and water management,timely removing flower buds and harvesting.