沟灌方式和施肥水平对玉米产量及氮钾含量的影响

目的]研究不同沟灌方式和N、K肥水平对玉米产量、干物质积累及N、K含量的影响,找出最佳水肥供应模式.方法]大田试验设4个沟灌方式：单行交替隔沟灌（DAFI）、单行固定隔沟灌（DFFI）、双行固定沟灌（SFFI）和单行常规沟灌（CF）,CF处理第1次灌水量为270.0 m3/ha,第2～4次为227.0m3/ha,其余处理每次灌水量均为CF处理的60％;两个N、K肥水平分别为施用180和270 kg/haN及等量K2O.结果]与CF处理相比,低N、K肥水平下,DAFI和SFFI处理鲜穗产量略有下降,但总干物质质量分别增加47.6％和25.7％,DAFI处理地上部和根系K含量分别增加20.3％和12.0％;高N、K肥水平下,DAFI和SFFI处理玉米鲜穗产量和总干物质质量与CF处理相当,DAFI处理地上部N含量增加10.4％.与低N、K肥水平相比,高N、K肥水平下SFFI和DAFI处理玉米鲜穗产量分别增加24.0％和18.6％.结论]高N、K肥水平结合双行固定沟灌或单行交替隔沟灌是较好的玉米水肥供应模式.

Effects of furrow method and fertilization level on fresh yield and N and K contents of maize

Objective]Effects of furrow method and NK fertilizing level on fresh yield,dry mass accumulation, and N and K contents of field maize were investigated to obtain optimal mode of water and fertilizer supply. Method]The field ex- periment included four furrow methods,i.e, single row-conventional furrow irrigation （CF）, single row-alternate furrow irriga- tion （DAFI）,single row-fixed furrow irrigation （DFFI） and double rows-fixed furrow irrigation （SFFI）. In CF treatment, the 1~＇ irrigation quota was 270.0 m3/ha, the 2~d to 4~＇ irrigation quota was 227.0 m3/ha, and irrigation quota in other irrigation treatments was 60% of CF, and two NK levels （180 and 270 kg/ha N and equal amount of K20）. Result]At low NK level, compared to CF, DAFI and SFFI decreased fresh yield slightly, but increased total dry mass by 47.6% and 25.7%. DAFI in- creased K content of shoot and root by 20.3% and 12.0%, respectively; while at high NK level, DAFI and SFFI treatments had similar fresh yield and total dry mass to CF treatment. DAFI treatment increased shoot N content by 10.4%. At SFFI and DAFI treatments, compared to low NK level, high NK level increased the fresh yield by 24.0% and 18.6%. Conclusion] Single row-alternate furrow irrigation and double rows-fixed furrow irrigation were efficient furrow modes at high NK level.