海洋产业发展对广西近海水质环境的影响

目的]研究分析海洋产业发展对广西近海水质环境的影响,为广西海洋产业发展规划提供决策参考.方法]分析2008～2012年广西海洋产业发展状况及广西近海水质类别和功能区达标情况,明确海洋产业对广西近海环境的影响程度和发展趋势,并有针对性地提出对策措施.结果]2012年,广西海洋渔业、海洋交通运输业、海洋工程建筑业和滨海旅游业占主要海洋产业的94.10％,而其他产业所占比例不足6.00％.广西排入海域的污染源中,河流排入海域的污染物量最大,占各污染源排污总量的90.00％以上,其他污染源排入总量所占比例不到10.00％;在排入广西海域的污染物中,又以化学需氧量最大,占污染物总排量的60.00％以上,其次是总氮入海量.目前广西海洋产业发展对近海水环境的影响不明显,水环境质量基本保持稳定,整体良好,但近海水质量环境劣四类水质比例呈逐年增加趋势.建议]做好整体发展规划布局,推进绿色海洋产业;加强近海水质环境监控,严防污染事件发生;加强滨海生态环境保护,实现经济生态双赢;扶持海洋第三产业发展,优化海洋产业结构,最终促进广西海洋产业可持续发展.

Effects of the development of marine industry on offshore environment in Guangxi

Objective]Effects of the development of marine industry on offshore environment in Guangxi were studied to provide references for policy-making of planning marine industry development in Guangxi.Method]After analyzing water classification and qualification situation in functional areas from 2008 to 2012,effects of the development of marine industry on offshore environment in Guangxi and its future trend were determined and corresponding measures were put forward.Result]In 2012,marine fishery,marine transportation industry,ocean engineering construction and coastal tourism industry accounted for 94.10％,while other industries occupied less than 6.00％.River pollutant source accounted for over 90.00％,which was the biggest among all the pollutant sources.Of all the pollutants into Guangxi sea areas,chemical oxygen demand was the most （60.00％）,which was followed by total nitrogen volume.Currently,the development of marine industry doesn＇t have great effects on offshore environment in Guangxi,and water quality remains good and stable,however water quality in substandard fourth category is on the rise year by year.Suggestion] Overall planning should be made to advance green marine industry.Water quality monitoring in offshore areas should be enhanced to control pollution.Coastal ecological environment protection should be strengthened to realize economic and ecological win-win situation.Marine tertiary industry should be supported and marine industry structure should be optimized to ensure sustainable development of Guangxi marine development.