施肥对麻疯树幼树生长与叶片养分动态的影响

目的]探讨麻疯树成熟叶片N、P2O5、K2O、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B共10种营养元素含量的动态变化和相关性,为麻疯树科学施肥提供参考依据.方法]选取长势一致的麻疯树进行每株0、0.2、0.4、0.6kg的复合肥施肥处理,在每月的中下旬取植株成熟叶片,测定其营养元素的动态变化特征,分析其相互关系.结果]麻疯树叶片营养元素含量高低顺序为：K2O＞N＞Ca＞ Mg＞P2O5＞Mn＞Fe＞Zn＞B＞Cu.不同施肥处理对叶片营养元素含量有一定影响,其中N、K2O、Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、B元素含量受施肥影响比较大,而P2O5、Mg、Cu受影响比较小.麻疯树的株高、总新梢生长量、地茎粗随着施肥量的增加而增加,果枝率随着施肥量的增加先增加后降低,果枝率最高的是施肥0.4 kg/株处理.结论]施肥能促进麻疯树的生长,0.4 kg/株/年（15-15-15复合肥）时最利于麻疯树果枝的形成.麻疯树叶片的营养元素受施肥的影响,养分元素间有协同和拮抗作用,生产上要根据麻疯树的营养需求规律和需肥特性进行平衡施肥.

Effects of fertilization on growth and dynamic of leaf nutrients of Jatropha curcas

Objective ]The dynamic characteristics and the correlations among ten elements N, P205, K20, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn,Fe, Mn and B in mature Jatropha curcas leaves were studied in order to provide theoretic references for appropriate fertilization in Jatropha eurcas. Method ]Jatropha eurcas trees in the same growth status were fertilized per strain with 0,0.2,0.4 and 0.6 kg compound fertilizer. Samples were collected every 30 days to determine the nutrient element content in mature leaves and analyze the dynamic characteristics and the correlations among the elements. Result ] Contents and uptake of 10 nutrients in leaf were in the order of K20〉N〉Ca〉Mg〉P2O5〉Mn〉Fe〉Zn〉B〉Cu. Fertilization had affected the nutrient content of leaves. N, K20, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and B element content were greatly affected by fertilization, while P205, Mg and Cu were little influenced. Height, total shoot growth and stem diameter of Jatropha curcas increased with more fertilizer. Fruiting branch rate increased with the increase of fertilizer first but then decreased. The highest rate of fruit branch was 0.4 kg/strain. Conclusion]Fertilizers promoted the growth of Jatropha cureas and fertilizing per strain with 0.4kg N （ 15 ） - P：O5 （ 15 ） - K20 （ 15 ） compound fertilizer was the most beneficial to fruit branch formation. Fertilization also impacted the nutrient content of Jatropha cureas leaves. There were synergistic and antagonistic functions among the ele- ments. So fertilization should be balanced to meet the nutritious demand and characteristics of Jatropha curcas.