人工合成双二倍体小麦白粉病抗性和农艺性状表现

【目的】人工合成圆锥小麦365与粗山羊草杂交后代双二倍体，观察其白粉病抗性和农艺性状，为筛选抗病育种种质材料提供参考。【方法】以感病圆锥小麦365为母本，与抗性优异的粗山羊草父本杂交，经单倍体加倍获得双二倍体人工合成小麦，再与普通小麦杂交，观察其抗病性。【结果】亲本间杂交组合均有成胚，平均成胚率17．6％～37．0％。父本Y201、Y215和Y219对12个白粉病菌株表现全抗，Y170仅对菌株E09感病，Y221仅对4个菌株感病，而5个人工合成小麦双二倍体对E09均感病。杂交组合365（♀）×Y221的人工合成二倍体株高、杂交组合365（♀）×Y170的人工合成二倍体穗数、自交结实穗率和结实率以及365（♀）×Y221人工合成二倍体的小穗数表现较好。人工合成双二倍体与偃展1号、豫麦18的杂交结实率明显高于自交结实率（4．6～80．8倍）。【结论】圆锥小麦365可能存在抗白粉病抑制基因，可抑制粗山羊草中抗白粉病基因在杂交后代中的表达。

Performance on powdery mildew resistance and agronomic traits of Tritium turgidum×Aegilops tauschii hybrids artificial amphidiploid

Objective]The present study was conducted to artificially synthesize amphidiploid of Tritium turgidum× Aegilops tauschii hybrids and investigate its powdery mildew （Blumeda graminis） resistance and agronomic traits to provide references on selecting disease resistance germplasm resources in breeding. Method ] Femal parent susceptible conus wheat 365 （T. turgidum L.,AABB） were hybridized with five A. tauschii（DD） Y170, Y201, Y215, Y219 and Y221, and the hybrid haploids was artificially synthesized into amphidiploid. The amphidiploid was crossed to common wheat to investigate the disease resistance. Result ]Five hybrids of T. turgidum and A. Tauschii could obtain embryo with average rate of 17.6%-37.0%. The A. tausehii lines Y201, Y215 and Y219 were resistant to all B. graminis isolates E02, E03, E05, E06, E07, E09, Eli, El5, El8, E21, E23 and E25. Y170 was only susceptible to E09, and Y221 was susceptible to E06, E07, E09 and E23. All 5 amphidiploids were susceptible to E09. The plant height of 365（♀）×Y221 hybrid amphidiploid, the ear number, selling ear setting rate and seed setting rate of 365（♀）×Y170 amphidiploid, small ear number of 365（♀）×Y221 amphidiploid showed better in all amphidiploids. The hybrid seed setting rate of the F1 populations among 5 amphidiploids and Yanzhan 1 and Yumai 18, were 4.6 to 80.8 folds higher than their selfing seed setting rates. Conclusion]Tritium turgidum line 365 might has inhibitor gene resistant to powdery mildew, which inhibited powdery mildew resistance gene expression in Aegilops tauschii lines.