不同作物对砷吸收累积特性分析

【目的】探究玉米、白菜和番茄对砷吸收累积特性的差异，为蔬菜安全评价、育种和环境治理提供理论依据。【方法】以玉米、白菜、番茄为试验材料，开展水培试验，研究3种植物在不同砷浓度（0、0．5、1．0、1．5、2．0、2．5mg／L）处理下株高、根长、生物量、转移系数、根冠比等各项指标的变化情况。【结果】不同浓度砷处理下玉米、白菜、番茄的株高均表现出先增高后降低的趋势；对生物量的影响为番茄〉白菜〉玉米；随砷处理浓度的增加，玉米的转移系数呈上升趋势，白菜和番茄呈先增加后降低的趋势。砷浓度〈1．5mg／L时，玉米、白菜、番茄的根冠比随砷处理浓度的升高而降低；砷浓度〉1．5mg／L时，乇米、白菜、番茄的根冠比随砷处理浓度的升高而升高。【结论】砷对植物株高、根长、地上部和地下生物量存在不同程度的抑制，可以通过株高、根长、生物量、转移系数、根冠比等效应指标来判断植物对砷胁迫的敏感程度，鲜重可作为砷敏感指标。

Arsenic uptake accumulation characteristics in varied crops

Objective]Arsenic uptake accumulation characteristics in maize, Chinese cabbage and tomato were differen- tiated to provide references for vegetable safety evaluation, breeding and environmental management. Method]Plant height, root length,biomass,transfer coefficient,and root to shoot ratio of maize,tomato and Chinese cabbage were observed, which were planted in solution culture with different arsenic concentration （0, 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 mg/L）. Result] The plant height of maize,tomato and Chinese cabbage went up first and then fell. The sequence of effect on biomass was tomato〉 Chinese cabbage〉 maize. The transfer coefficient of maize exhibited a rising terdency with the increasing arsenic concentration, but it went up first and later declined in Chinese cabbage and tomato. When arsenic concentration was less than 1.5 mg/L,root to shoot ratio of maize,tomato and Chinese cabbage exhibited a falling trend with the increase of the arsenic concentration, while when it was greater than 1.5 mg/L,root to shoot ratio of maize,tomato and Chinese cabbage rose along with the increase of the arsenic con- centration. Conclusion]Arsenic negatively impacted plant height,root length,overground and underground biomass. The sensi- tive degree of arsenic toxicity in plants could be judged upon these effect indicators such as plant height,root length,biomass, transfer coefficient, and root to shoot ratio. The fresh weight could be used as an indicator of arsenic sensitivity.