凡纳滨对虾二氧化碳麻醉后有水保活运输条件优化

为提高凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）在二氧化碳（Carbon dioxide，CO2）麻醉后有水运输过程中的存活率，研究了（麻醉阶段）CO2流速、（浸泡阶段）浸泡时间、（复苏阶段）水体类型和盐度对复苏效果的影响。设置CO2流速（3 L/min、5 L/min和7 L/min）、浸泡时间（0 min、1 min和5 min）、水体类型（自来水、养殖水上清液和养殖水）以及盐度（3 ‰、7 ‰和11 ‰）4因素，进行单因素试验，并以结果为依据进行L9(34) 正交和验证试验。单因素试验结果表明最佳CO2流速为7 L/min、最佳浸泡时间为0 min、最佳水体类型为自来水、最佳盐度为7‰；正交试验结果显示当复苏时间为2 h时，4种因子对运输效果的影响的主次关系为：浸泡时间>水体类型>盐度>CO2流速，最佳运输方式组合为：CO2流速8 L/min、水体类型为自来水、盐度为7‰、浸泡时间为0 min；当复苏时间为4 h时，4种因子对运输效果的影响的主次关系为：浸泡时间> CO2流速>水体类型>盐度，最佳运输方式组合为：CO2流速7 L/min、水体类型为自来水、盐度为7‰、浸泡时间为0 min；当复苏时间为6 h时，4种因子对运输效果的影响的主次关系为：浸泡时间> CO2流速>盐度>水体类型，最佳运输方式组合为：CO2流速6 L/min、水体类型为自来水、盐度为7‰、浸泡时间为0 min。研究结果证明，可通过调节CO2流速、浸泡时间、水体类型和盐度4种因素的水平，提高凡纳滨对虾在不同运输时长条件下的复苏率，为对虾保活运输提供了新的思路。

Optimization of keep-alive transportation conditions with water after carbon dioxide anesthesia for Litopenaeus vannamei

In order to improve the survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei during transportation with water after carbon dioxide (CO₂) anesthesia, the effects of CO₂ flow rates (anesthesia stage), soaking time (soaking stage), water type and salinity (recovery stage) on the survival rate were studied. The experiment set four factors:CO₂ flow rates (3 L/min, 5 L/min and 7 L/min), soaking time (0 min, 1 min and 5 min), water type (tap water, supernatant of aquaculture water and aquaculture water) and salinity (3, 7 and 11). The single factor experiment was carried out, and the L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experiment and verification experiment were carried out based on the single factor experimental results. The results showed that in the single factor experiment, the best CO₂ flow rates was 7 L/min, the best soaking time was 0 min, the best water type was tap water and the best salinity was 7. The results of orthogonal experiment of transportation within 2 hours showed that the primary and secondary relationship of the four factors was:soaking time > water type > salinity > CO₂ flow rates, and the best combination was CO₂ flow rates of 8 L/min, the water type of tap water, the salinity of 7 and the soaking time of 0 min. The results of orthogonal experiment of transportation within 4 hours showed that the primary and secondary relationship of the four factors was soaking time > CO₂ flow rates > water type > salinity, and the best combination was CO₂ flow rates of 7 L/min, the water type of tap water, the salinity of 7 and the soaking time of 0 min. The results of orthogonal experiment of transportation within 6 hours showed that the primary and secondary relationship of the four factors was soaking time > CO₂ flow rates > salinity > water type, and the best combination was CO₂ flow rates of 6 L/min, the water type of tap water, the salinity of 7 and the soaking time of 0 min. The experimental results show that the recovery rate of Litopenaeus vannamei under different transportation time conditions can be improved by adjusting the levels of four factors:CO₂ flow rates, soaking time, water type and salinity, which provides a new idea for shrimp keep-alive transportation.