辽河、长江水系及其杂交种中华绒螯蟹成蟹阶段养殖性能比较

为探究辽河和长江水系及其杂交种中华绒螯蟹在成蟹阶段的生长性能和养殖效果差异,在相似的池塘条件下将辽河和长江水系及其杂交种扣蟹养殖至成蟹。本文系统地比较了在养殖过程中的生长、生殖蜕壳率和性腺发育情况,进一步评价了成活率、产量、饲料系数和最终体质量分布等差异。结果表明：(1)在生长阶段,四组中华绒螯蟹平均体质量、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。雌体生殖蜕壳高峰出现在7月25日到8月25日,雄体生殖蜕壳高峰则出现在8月25日到9月25日。人工养殖辽河水系成蟹生殖蜕壳时间与长江水系成蟹基本一致,并无二龄早熟性状。9~11月,雌雄个体的肝胰腺指数(HSI)逐渐下降,性腺指数(GSI)显著上升。(2)四组中华绒螯蟹在成活率、产量和饲料系数等方面存在显著性差异(P< 0.05)。最终养成成蟹雌体体质量集中于100.00~175.00 g,雄体体质量集中于175.00~225.00 g。综上,长江与辽河水系杂交组生长性能与自交组并无显著性差异(P> 0.05),辽河水系中华绒螯蟹在长江流域经适应性养殖后,生长性能得以提高,二龄早熟性状消失,而以长江水系中华绒螯蟹作为母本的杂交种则成活率和产量杂种优势明显。

Comparison of culture performance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab inbred families and hybrid families derived from Liaohe River and Yangtze River

In order to explore the difference in growth performance and culture effect of Chinese mitten crab inbred families and hybrid families derived from Liaohe and Yangtze river during adult Eriocheir sinensis culture stage, the juveniles were reared to adult crabs under similar pond conditions. This study comprehensively compared the growth, puberty molting rate and gonadal development, and further evaluated the differences in survival rate, yield, feed coefficient ratio and final body weight distribution. The results illustrated that there was no significant difference in the mean body weight, weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of Eriocheir sinensis during the growth stage (P> 0.05). The peak of female puberty molting appeared from July 25 to August 25, and the peak of male puberty molting did from August 25 to September 25. Compared with Eriocheir sinensis from Yangtze river basin, no significant earlier puberty molting was observed from Liaohe river. From September to November, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of Eriocheir sinensis individuals gradually decreased, and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed a significant upward trend. Significant differences were observed in survival rate, yield, feed coefficient ratio among these four inbred and hybrid families (P< 0.05). The final body weights of the adult female crab were concentrated from 100.00 g to 175.00 g, and the males were concentrated from 175.00 g to 225.00 g. In summary, there was no significant difference in growth performance between inbred families and hybrid families derived from Liaohe and Yangtze river basins (P> 0.05). After adaptive culture of Eriocheir sinensis from Liaohe river basin, the growth performance was improved, and the two-year early-maturing trait disappeared. The hybrid families with Yangtze River basin of Eriocheir sinensis as the female parent had higher survival rate and yield.