舟山近岸海域虾类种类组成与数量分布及其变动趋势

根据2015年11月(秋季)、2016年5月(春季)在舟山近岸海域开展的渔业资源调查中所获得的虾类数据,用渔获量作为虾类资源分布的数量指标,对该海域虾类的种类组成、数量时空分布、种群变动趋势以及与环境因子的关系等进行了研究。研究认为:(1)调查海域共鉴定出虾类21种,隶属于8科15属;数量分布春秋季变化明显,总体而言秋季多于春季,调查海域北部多于南部。(2)不同季节优势种与常见种差异较大。与以往调查相比,小型虾类取代大型虾类成为优势种。(3)底层温度和盐度对舟山近岸海域虾类渔获量分布无明显影响,但按深度分类分析,虾类渔获量随水深变化呈现差异。(4)ABC曲线显示,渔获量曲线和丰度曲线交错,表明调查海域虾类群落受人类影响强烈,处于严重干扰状态,生态敏感度高。因此,舟山近岸海域虾类生物资源受人类活动影响强烈,群落结构发生明显演替,主要渔获呈现小型化、低产化趋势。

Species composition and quantitative distribution of shrimp and its changing trendency in Zhoushan coastal waters

According to the data of shrimp obtained from the fishery resource survey conducted in the coastal waters of Zhoushan in November 2015 (autumn) and in May 2016 (spring), the catch were used as the quantitative index of the distribution of shrimp resources. The composition of shrimp species,the distribution of quantity and temporal and spatial, the alteration trend of population and the relationship with the environmental factors were studied in this sea area.The research considered that: (1) 21 species of shrimp were identified in the investigation sea area, belonging to 8 families and 15 genera. The quantity of distribution was obvious in spring and autumn, in general,the number in Autumn was more than that in Spring. (2) There were significant differences between dominant species and common species in different seasons. Compared with the previous survey, small shrimp replace large shrimp and become dominant species. (3) The temperature at the bottom and salinity had no significant effect on the distribution of shrimp catches in Zhoushan coastal waters. However, according to the analysis of depth classification, shrimp catches showed different variety with water depth. (4) The ABC curve shows that the catch curve and the abundance curve were staggered, indicating that the shrimp community in the survey area was strongly affected by human beings, and was in serious disturbance state, and the ecological sensitivity was high. Therefore, the shrimp biological resources in Zhoushan coastal waters were strongly affected by human activities and the community structure were obvious succession. The main catch was miniaturization and low production trend.