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崇明岛稻蟹种养池塘的主要鸟害及生态防鸟技术的初步研究
引用本文:吴旭干,李嘉尧,袁晓,吴昊,成永旭.崇明岛稻蟹种养池塘的主要鸟害及生态防鸟技术的初步研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(5):690-696.
作者姓名:吴旭干  李嘉尧  袁晓  吴昊  成永旭
作者单位:上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海市野生动植物保护管理站,上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室
摘    要:稻蟹综合种养是崇明地区主要的农业生产方式之一,崇明生态岛是亚太地区候鸟南北迁徙的重要停歇地,但丰富的鸟类资源也对稻蟹种养造成了一定的不利影响。本研究首先初步调查了崇明稻蟹种养区域的主要鸟类组成,比较了不同稻蟹种养模式下主要鸟害种类和发生时间,在此基础上进一步比较了两种生态防鸟方式的防鸟效果和投入产出情况。结果表明:(1)崇明稻蟹池塘的常见鸟类有13种,其中鹭类种类最多,为6种;(2)纯养蟹池塘主要危害种类为鹭类,危害时间主要为秋冬季,稻蟹共作池塘的主要危害鸟类为鹭类、麻雀和喜鹊等,麻雀和喜鹊的危害时间主要为水稻播种期、灌浆期和成熟期;(3)尼龙线防护成本较低,适合于纯养蟹池塘,该方法一次性投入为1 443元/hm2;线网防护成本较高,一次性投入高达5 096元/hm2,考虑折旧后的成本约为1 999元/hm2,该方法适合于稻蟹共生池塘,防鸟效果较好。因此,对稻蟹综合种养而言,采用线网结合的防护方式,辅以稻草人等视觉驱鸟方法,具有较好的经济效益和生态效益。

关 键 词:中华绒螯蟹  稻蟹种养  鸟害  生态防治
收稿时间:2014/3/21 0:00:00
修稿时间:2014/5/13 0:00:00

A preliminary study on major bird species of bird trouble and ecological technique for bird prevention in rice-crab co-culture pond of Chongming Island
WU Xu-gan,LI Jia-yao,YUAN Xiao,WU Hao and CHENG Yong-xu.A preliminary study on major bird species of bird trouble and ecological technique for bird prevention in rice-crab co-culture pond of Chongming Island[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2014,23(5):690-696.
Authors:WU Xu-gan  LI Jia-yao  YUAN Xiao  WU Hao and CHENG Yong-xu
Institution:Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Shanghai Ocean University,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Shanghai Ocean University,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Wildlife Conservation Management Station,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Shanghai Ocean University,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Shanghai Ocean University,Ministry of Education
Abstract:Rice-crab co-culture is an important agricultural industry in Chongming Island. During the past twenty years, because of the improvement of environmental quality and enhancement of bird conservation, the number of bird species and population increased significantly in Chongming Island. However, this increasing number of birds brings a certain trouble to rice-crab co-culture pond as many birds generally feed crab and rice. Therefore the current study was firstly conducted to investigate the major species of bird trouble, and to identify the influence time and major trouble birds for two rice-crab co-culture models, furthermore to evaluate the results, input and output of two ecological method for bird prevention. The results showed that, (1) there were 13 major bird species in the rice-crab co-culture area, and the most common speices are egrets with six species found in our investigation. (2) the major trouble birds were egret species for crab culture ponds and the major trouble periods were winter and spring; the major trouble birds were egrets, sparrows and magpies rice-crab co-culture ponds while sparrows and magpies were the main trouble for the rice cropping during the periods of seeding, filling and maturation. (3) the method of nylon wire prevention was cheaper than the combination of nylon wire and anti-bird net; however, the combination method is suitable for rice-crab co-culture ponds. In conclusion, the combination method of nylon wire and anti-bird net, together with visual bird prevention such as scarecrow, had the significant effects in the control of bird trouble for rice-crab co-culture ponds, which will evetually lead to the good results of bird prevention, economic benefit and ecological effect for both the rice-crab co-culture and bird protection in Chongming Island.
Keywords:Chinese mitten crab  rice-crab co-culture  bird trouble  ecological prevention
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