南极普里兹湾关键物理海洋学问题研究进展及未来趋势

南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域关键物理海洋学问题包括水团特性、环流特征和冰架 海洋 海冰相互作用过程等。该海域水团可以分为南极表层水、绕极深层水、南极底层水、南极陆架水和南极冰架水等，受外部条件影响，这些水团时空变化显著。普里兹湾区域的环流以普里兹湾流涡，西向的沿岸流和东向的绕极流，以及两者之间的南极辐散带的环流为主要特征，地形是环流特征的关键影响因素。埃默里冰架 海洋的相互作用过程显著影响普里兹湾海域的水团特性和环流状况。冰泵机制，是埃默里冰架外海水进入冰穴，并引起冰架底部消融和冻结的重要原因。冰架 海洋 海冰相互作用形成的低温高盐水，是普里兹湾形成南极底层水的潜在因素之一。加强现场观测，并建立高分辨率的冰架 海洋 海冰耦合模型系统是研究普里兹湾海域物理海洋学关键过程和变化机制的重要手段，是南极研究的发展趋势。

Advances of physical oceanographic study on Prydz Bay and adjacent region, Antarctica

The key physical oceanographic issues of the Prydz Bay and adjacent region, Antarctica, include water masses, circulation and ice shelf ocean sea ice interactions. The water mass may be classified into Antarctic Surface Water (AASW), Circumpolar Deep Water(CDW), Antarctic Bottom Water(AABW), Shelf Water(SW) and Ice shelf Water (ISW). Spatial distribution and temporal variation of the water masses are significantly affected by external forcing. Circulation in the Prydz Bay is characterized by the Prydz Gyre, westward coastal current, and Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The Antarctic Divergence (AD) is located in the shear zone between coastal current and ACC. The local topography plays an important role to the circulation in this region. Interaction between the Amery Ice Shelf and ocean impacts the water mass and circulation. Ice pump is the major mechanism that drives the relative warmer shelf water entering the ice cavity and melting the ice shelf. The cold and saltier water formed by ice shelf ocean sea ice interaction is the potential source for the formation of AABW. In the future, observations and development of high resolution ice shelf ocean sea ice model will be the major means for physical oceanographic study in the region.