不同捕捞方式下印度洋北部鸢乌贼渔场时空分布差异

根据中国远洋渔业协会鱿钓技术组和公海围拖网技术组提供的2017—2019年印度洋北部鸢乌贼（Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis）生产统计资料，对灯光敷网、灯光罩网和鱿钓3种捕捞方式的鸢乌贼作业次数、产量和捕捞努力量渔获量（catch per unit effort，CPUE）进行统计分析。通过产量重心分析、聚类分析和方差分析，对3种捕捞方式的渔场时空分布及其年间差异进行比较。结果表明，2017、2018和2019年印度洋北部鸢乌贼产量分别为28 347、68 535和180 094 t，产量逐年上升。从年间变化来看，CPUE波动较大；从月间变化来看，各月产量与CPUE的变化趋势均保持一致。3种捕捞方式各月产量重心呈现逆时针变化规律，从南到北，自东向西移动。通过聚类分析可将灯光敷网分为5类，灯光罩网分为4类，鱿钓分为6类；渔获量主要分布于12. 5°N~14. 5°N，58°E~60°E和16°N~18°N，61. 5°E~63°E海域内。以时间和空间为影响因素，对不同经度间海域分析发现，CPUE在不同时间、空间上有明显差异；而不同捕捞方式也均存在显著差异。研究认为，今后应该加强时间序列的样本采集工作，综合考虑环境因子分析鸢乌贼渔场的变化规律及其根本原因，为后续合理开发该渔业和建立相关渔情预报模型提供依据。

Spatial and temporal distribution of fishing ground of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in northern Indian Ocean with different fishing methods

According to the catch data of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the northern Indian Ocean during 2017-2019 provided by the Squid Jigging Technology Group of the China Overseas Fisheries Association and the High Seas Seine and Trawl Technology Group, statistical analysis was made based on the above data with the effort, catch and CPUE for each of the three fishing methods of light lift net, light casting net and jigging. Through catch gravity analysis, cluster analysis and two-way analysis of variance, the spatial and temporal distribution of the three fishing methods and their differences in the years were studied and analyzed. The results showed that the annual catch of S. oualaniensis increased gradually, the yield for 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 28 347, 68 535 and 180 094 t, respectively. In terms of annual changes, CPUE fluctuates greatly; and from the monthly changes, the monthly output is consistent with the trend of CPUE changes. The yield center of gravity of each of the three fishing methods shows counterclockwise changes, moving from south to north and from east to west. Through clustering analysis, the lighting lift net can be divided into five categories, the light casting net can be divided into four categories, squid fishing is divided into six categories; main catch was focused in the area of 12.5°N-14.5°N,58°E-60°E and 16°N-18°N,61.5°E-63°E.Based on time and space as the factors, the analysis of the sea area between different longitude shows that CPUE is obviously different at different times and spaces, and there are significant differences in different fishing methods. The study holds that the future research should strengthen the sample collection work of time series, consider the change law and its root causes of environmental factors to analyze the squid fishery, and provide a basis for the subsequent rational development of the fishery and the establishment of relevant fishing forecast model.