我国南海区海洋捕捞现状分析

利用《中国渔业统计年鉴》数据,结合有关南海区渔业资源和渔业生产状况相关资料,对1979—2017年南海区(广东、广西、海南)捕捞作业量、捕捞作业结构以及捕捞产量的变化趋势和现状进行了定量和定性分析。结果表明:海洋捕捞渔船船数和功率实行总量控制(简称"双控")制度全面实施后,虽然南海区渔船数量上升势头得到控制,近年来总体呈下降趋势,但渔船总吨位和总功率却基本呈上升趋势。自2002年以来,南海区机动捕捞渔船总吨位增长了45%,总功率增长了13.7%,2017年44.1 kW以下的海洋捕捞机动渔船占77.5%。南海区海洋捕捞产量由不断上升至近年逐渐得到控制,近5年南海区的捕捞产量约为340万～380万t,对渔业资源破坏力大的拖网和刺网产量占72%～74%。南海区海洋捕捞渔业存在捕捞生产数据统计不规范、渔业资源面临衰竭和捕捞作业结构不合理等问题。建议依托渔港建立健全渔获物统计和核查体系,压减近海捕捞能力,稳定外海渔业,同时加强科学调查研究,从而优化南海区捕捞作业格局。

Analysis of current status of marine fishing in South China Sea

The variation trend and current situation of number and engine power of marine fishing vessels, fishing structure and fishing production in the South China Sea (Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces) from 1979 to 2017 were analyzed, based on the data of China Fisheries Statistical Yearbook and relevant information on fishery resources and fishery production in the South China Sea. After the comprehensive implementation of the total number and power control system for marine fishing vessels, the rising trend of fishing vessels in the South China Sea has been controlled, and even generally declined in recent years. However, the total tonnage and engine power of fishing vessels are basically rising. Since 2002, the total tonnage of motor fishing vessels in the South China Sea has increased by 45% and the total engine power has increased by 13.7%. In 2017, motor fishing vessels under 44.1 kilowatts accounted for 77.5%. The fishing production in the South China Sea has been gradually controlled in recent years. In the past five years, the fishing capacity in the South China Sea has been about 3.4 million to 3.8 million tons, and the trawler and gillnetter production, which has great destructiveness to fishery resources, accounts for 72% to 74%. There are some problems in the marine fisheries of the South China Sea, such as the lack of fishing production data, inadequate control of fishing effort and the unreasonable structure of fishing operation. It is suggested to establish and improve the system of statistics and verification of catches by relying on fishing ports, reduce the capacity of offshore fishing, expand offshore fishery orderly, constantly promote public participation in fishery management, and enhance the transparency of fishery management.