安庆新洲水域浮游植物群落结构特征

为了解安庆新洲水域浮游植物群落结构特征,于2017年2—11月对新洲水域9个断面的浮游植物现状进行季节性调查。结果表明,共检测出浮游植物8门143种:以绿藻门种类最多,占总种数的46.15%;其次是硅藻门,占29.37%;蓝藻门、裸藻门、金藻门、隐藻门、甲藻门和黄藻门分别占12.59%、3.50%、3.50%、2.10%、1.40%和1.40%。浮游植物优势种共6种,分别为蓝藻门的假鱼腥藻(Pseudoanabaena sp.),硅藻门的尖针杆藻(Synedra acus)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana),隐藻门的尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta)、啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)和绿藻门的丝藻(Ulothrix sp.)。浮游植物生物密度变化在14.09×10~4～487.98×10~4个/L之间,平均为63.05×10~4个/L;生物量变化在0.07～1.41 mg/L之间,平均为0.28 mg/L。密度最高值出现在夏季的黄湓闸(断面5)水域,最低值出现在春季的新洲尾(断面7)水域;生物量最高值出现在夏季的董家窑(断面6)水域,最低值出现在夏季的皖河口(断面1)水域。利用多样性指数分析浮游植物群落结构特征,Shannon-Weiner指数(H')变化范围为1.93～3.10,均值为2.70;Margalef丰富度指数(D)变化范围为1.12～3.00,均值为2.21;Pielou均匀度指数(J)变化范围为0.52～0.93,均值为0.79。Shannon-Weiner指数(H′)、Margalef丰富度指数(D)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)在空间分布上存在显著性差异,季节变化上无显著性差异。多样性指数评价水质为轻-中度污染状态,表明新洲水域水质状况良好。

Characteristics of community structure of phytoplankton of Xinzhou waters in Anqing

In order to better understand the status of phytoplankton resources in Xinzhou waters in Anqing, four sampling surveys were conducted in February, April, August and November, 2017. The results showed that 143 species of phytoplankton belonging to 8 phyla were detected in this study, of which Chlorophyta was the most, accounting for 46.15%; Secondly Bacillariophyta, accounting for 29.37%; Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta, Cryptophyta, Pyrrophyta and Xanthophyce aeaccounted for 12.59%, 3.50%, 3.50%, 2.10%, 1.40% and 1.40% respectively. There are 6 dominant species of phytoplankton, including Pseudoanabaena sp. of Cyanophyta, Synedra acus and Cyclotella meneghiniana of Bacillariophyta, Chroomonas acuta and Cryptomonas erosa of Cryptophyta, Ulothrix sp.of Chlorophyta. The density of phytoplankton ranged from 14.09×10⁴ to 487.98×10⁴ cell/L, with an average of 63.05×10⁴ cell/L. The biomass change was between 0.07 and 1.41 mg/L, with an average of 0.28 mg/L. The highest density occurs in Huangpen Zha rivers in summer(Section 5), the lowest density occurs in Xinzhouwei waters in spring (Section 7), the highest biomass occurs in Dongjiayao rivers in summer (Section 6), and the lowest density occurs in Wanhe estuary in summer (Section 1). The Shannon-Weiner index (H'') ranged from 1.93 to 3.10, with an average of 2.70, the Margalef richness index (D) ranged from 1.12 to 3.00, with an average of 2.21, and the Pielou evenness index (J) ranged from 0.52 to 0.93, with an average of 0.79. Shannon-Weiner index (H''), Margalef richness index (D) and Pielou evenness index (J) had significant differences in spatial distribution, but no significant differences in seasonal variation. The index of diversity evaluated water quality as light to medium pollution, indicating that the water quality of Xinzhou waters was in good condition.