凡纳滨对虾温棚高位池养殖密度及简易水质调控措施效果研究

当前凡纳滨对虾为我国对虾海淡水养殖的重要品种,温棚高位池是其在浙江宁波地区重要的养殖方式,研究养殖密度与水质调控技术是推广该养殖方式的当务之急。通过第一茬70 d生产性养殖实验,探讨了早春温棚高位池养殖密度对水质、对虾生长与养殖效果的影响。结果表明:早春温棚高位池高密度(315、375ind/m2)养殖效果良好,单位水体产量分别为1.54 kg/m2与1.32 kg/m2。两种密度水平下,虾生长与养殖效果无显著差异(P0.05),主要水质指标也无显著性差异(P0.05),NH3-Nm(0.058~0.081 mg/L)与NO2--N(0.001~4.290 mg/L)等控制在对虾安全生长范围内。控制换水量与投饵量、启用增氧机等简易措施均可使主要水化指标不同程度改善,换水量20%使TAN与CODMn显著降低34.7%与29.9%(P0.05),增氧机启动2 h可使溶解氧增加11.8%~29.4%。300 ind/m2养殖密度在温棚高位池养殖中是可行的,通过简易水质调控措施能够较好地调控水质,这为其推广提供了可能。

Research of breeding density and water quality control measures in Litopenaeus vannamei greenhouse high-intensive ponds

Two stocking density experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density on water quality, and then the effects about culture-effect, growth and simply water quality control were also measured. The research indicates that the result is good about using high density (315ind/m₂ 375ind/m₂) breeding, the yield were 1.54kg/m₂ and 1.32 kg/m₂, respectively. Significant difference was no observed on the effects of the growth and breeding of shrimp in the two level of breeding density, and then no significant difference was observed in the water quality indexes, TAN(0.265~4.224 mg/L),NH₃-Nm(0.058 ~0.081mg/L) and NO₂-N(0.001~4.290 mg/L) were controlled in the normal level. Main water quality indexes was improved by changing the amount of water, controlling the feed, using aerator and probiotics. TAN and COD _Mn was significantly decreased 34.7 and 29.9%, when the quantity of exchanged water was reached 20%, and decreased 20.1% (NO₃-N) in using probiotics. However, the further study and practice was needed to improve the comprehensive utilization of science and control the water quality of pond to better improve water quality.