中西太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔场与海温的关系

长鳍金枪鱼渔业是我国远洋渔业的重要发展对象,根据2008至2010年中西太平洋长鳍金枪鱼延绳钓渔业数据和海表温度(SST)数据,研究了长鳍金枪鱼(ALB)渔获量和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)的主要分布区域及其海表温度特征。结果表明:以尾数统计时,长鳍金枪鱼渔场主要分布纬度位置为15°~40°N和10°~45°S,该区域渔获尾数占总渔获80%以上。高CPUE渔区主要位于25°~40°N和10°~40°S,其南北分布与季节有一定关系,北半球冬季时多分布于北太平洋,夏季时多分布于南太平洋。2008-2010三年间渔业资源丰度分布状况基本一致,2009年在北太平洋以及2010年在南太平洋的高CPUE渔区数相比另两年减幅较大。北太平洋主要渔场表层水温为16~22℃,南太平洋主要渔场表层水温为16~24℃及26℃左右的海域。

Relationship between albacore (Thunnus alalunga) fishing grounds in the Western and Central Pacific and sea surface temperature

The albacore Thunnus alalunga longline fishery is one of the important fisheries in the Pacific Ocean. According to the public domain catch and effort data of longline fishery from Western Central Pacific Fisheries Commission and the sea surface temperature data from NOAA, the distribution of albacore longline fishery grounds from 2008 to 2010 and its relationship with SST were analysed quantitatively or qualitatively. The results showed that the fishing grounds in which albacore＇s numbers accounted for over 80% were mainly located in the areas of 15°N -40°N and 10°S -45°S, while high CPUE fishing grounds were in 25°N -40°N and 10°S -40° S. In Northern Hemisphere summer the fishing grounds were distributed mainly in South Pacific while in winter mainly in the North. The distributions in the three years were similar. The numbers of high CPUE fishing grounds of North Pacific in 2009 and South Pacific in 2010 reduced substantially compared to the other two years respectively. The analysis of the relationship between CPUE and SST indicated that the monthly SST of the albacore tuna longline fishing grounds is 16 - 22 ℃ in North Pacific and 16 - 24 ℃ and around 26 ℃ in South Pacific.