中华绒螯蟹国内外群体遗传变异与适应性进化分析

中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）是我国极为重要的土著种类，现已移居到欧洲和北美等地。利用20对微卫星标记对中华绒螯蟹国内土著群体（长江和黄河）和国外移居群体（德国易北河、荷兰莱茵河、英国泰晤士河和美国旧金山湾）的遗传变异和多样性进行了分析。结果显示，中华绒螯蟹国内群体的遗传多样性（等位基因丰富度、多态信息含量和杂合度等）略高于国外移居群体；国内外群体间，以及国外不同群体间存在显著的遗传分化；贝叶斯遗传聚类分析显示国内土著群体、欧洲移居群体和美国移居群体分成明显的3个遗传聚类；主成分分析表明国外移居群体已产生了明显的遗传歧化；荷兰莱茵河群体检测到显著的遗传瓶颈效应。表明中华绒螯蟹在海外的入侵过程中已发生了较为明显的适应性进化。

Study on genetic variation and adaptive evolution from the native and colonized populations of Chinese mitten crab

Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is a very importantly native species in China. However, this species had been introduced to Europe and North America and had posed great influences on invaded ecosystems because of their rapid expansion. In this study, genetic variation and diversity of the Chinese mitten crab from its native ranges (Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in China) and colonized regions (Elbe River in Germany, Rhine River in Netherlands, Thames River in UK and San Francisco Bay in USA) were investigated using twenty microsatellites loci. The results found that the native populations possess higher genetic diversity than the colonized populations, and significant genetic differentiation between the native and colonized populations, and among the colonized populations. Bayesian clustering analysis showed significant genetic cluster of the colonized population from the native populations, and also significant genetic variation between the North American and European populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated the high level of genetic differentiation between the native and colonized populations. Bottleneck signal test showed that the Rhine River experienced significant bottleneck effect. The results indicated that adaptive evolution would have occurred in Chinese mitten carp during its colonized process.