秘鲁近海秘鲁鳀渔场变化与海洋环境因子的关系

秘鲁鳀(Engraulis ringens)是栖息于南美洲秘鲁和智利沿岸的小型中上层鱼类,掌握其渔场变化及其与海洋环境因子的关系有利于渔场的开发。根据2005—2014年秘鲁近海秘鲁鳀的渔获数据,结合卫星遥感获得的海表面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)、海表面高度(sea surface height,SSH)和叶绿素a浓度(chlorophyll-a,Chl.a)等环境数据,探讨两个捕捞渔季秘鲁鳀(第一渔季:4—7月;第二渔季11—次年1月)渔场变化及其与海洋环境的关系。研究表明,不同月份秘鲁鳀渔场的适宜海洋环境因子范围不同:第一渔季的渔场SST和适宜SST范围随着月份变低,在第二渔季的渔场SST和适宜SST范围随着月份变高;两个捕捞渔季渔场的适宜SSH均为29～41 cm;第一渔季渔场适宜Chl.a范围随着月份变低,第二渔季渔场适宜Chl.a范围随着月份变高。通过经验累积分布函数检验,海洋环境因子在大多数月份的适宜范围可表征秘鲁近海秘鲁鳀中心渔场的指标。研究表明,要进一步了解秘鲁鳀渔场变化还需注意其资源丰度年间变动及其与海洋环境变化的关系。

Relationship between the variation of Peru coastal Engraulis ringens fishing ground and oceanic environmental factors

Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) is a small pelagic fish lived in the coast of Peru and Chile. Understanding the variation of fishing ground and its relationship with oceanic environmental factors is good to resource development. Based on the anchoveta fisheries data along the Peru coast from 2005 to 2014 and the oceanic environmental data including sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) derived from satellite remote sensing, the variation of fishing ground and its relationship with oceanic environmental factors in the two fishing season (the first: April-July; the second: November-next year January) was analyzed. Results showed that the ranges of optimum oceanic environmental factors have differences in each fishing months. There was a decreasing trend of optimum SST range as month passed in the first fishing season and an increasing trend in the second fishing season. Each fishing month in both fishing season nearly had the same optimum SSH range (29-41cm). In addition, optimum chl-a range showed a decreasing trend in the first fishing season and a increasing trend in the second fishing season. The Empirical cumulative distribution function test suggested that the optimum oceanic environmental ranges ranges in most fishing month could be the indicators of central fishing ground. But there was no certain distribution of catch per unit effort to these factors. Our studies indicated that, to better understand the variations of anchoveta fishing ground, we should emphasize the annual variation of stock dynamics and other changes in the Ocean environment.