大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼资源开发与养护问题分析

长达数十年的持续不断的高强度捕捞使得大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼资源处于严重衰退状态。通过渔获数据分析大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼资源开发状况,结合区域渔业管理制度和养护措施,探讨大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼管理存在的问题与不足。分析认为:各个国家出于本国利益考虑忽视总可捕量的科学建议,使得大西洋金枪鱼养护国际委员会最终确定的总可捕量高于科学家们的建议量;现有分配机制有失公平,偏离国际法公平原则,因而其不能有效引导各国采取积极养护措施;大西洋金枪鱼养护国际委员会对大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼捕捞活动监管是整个管理过程中脆弱的环节,且因缺乏有效执行机制而未能有效限制非法捕捞。提出改善总可捕量设定过高现状,使总可捕量设定符合使资源达到最大可持续产量的目标;改进配额分配机制,保障大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼资源利用的公平合理;加强大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼捕捞活动监管,完善入渔管理机制,推动成员履约。

Analysis of problems on utilization and conservation of the bluefin tuna resources in the Atlantic Ocean

Because of the continuous fishing in high intensity for decades, bluefin tuna are in a state of deep recession. Analysis the development status of the bluefin tuna resources in the Atlantic through the catches data, combining with regional fishery management system and maintenance measures, to discusses the problems and deficiencies in the management of Atlantic bluefin tuna. The results showed that: Each country can always neglect the scientific advice for total allowable catch as the sake of their own interests, it makes that the final total allowable catch setting by The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas exceeds the amount that scientists recommended; Existing quota system is unfair and deviating from the principle of fairness with the international law, so it has been failed to encourage the members to take active conservation measures; The supervise from The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas for Atlantic bluefin tuna fishing activities is the weak link in the management process, and failed to curb illegal fishing effectively because of lack of an effective enforcement mechanism. Put forward that: To improve the current situation that total allowable catches is set too high, conforming to the goal that setting for total allowable catch to make the resources achieve the maximum sustainable yield; To improve the quota allocation mechanism, and ensure the fair and reasonable with utilization of Atlantic bluefin tuna resources; Strengthen the supervision for fishing activities of Atlantic bluefin tuna, and improve the mechanism of the fishing management to push members to perform its obligations.