乡村振兴战略背景下沿岸小型海洋渔业渔民自治组织发展研究

小型渔业组织化、规模化管理是小型渔业管理的国际趋势。在乡村振兴战略背景下,政府下放对小型渔业的管理权至渔民组织,实现小型渔业渔民组织自治,对发展我国小型渔业自治组织具有重要的现实意义,有助于解决当前我国在小型渔业管理上出现的绩效低、成本高、效果差等问题。通过对我国小型渔业渔民组织和日本渔业自治组织现状的实地调查,运用自组织理论,并借鉴性分析日本小型渔业自治组织的发展经验以及对我国发展小型渔业渔民自治组织的启示,分析出我国小型渔业渔民组织存在自治机制缺失、组织机构不完善、运作不规范、被动受管制缺乏内生动力、合作社的纽带作用缺失引发信任危机、奖惩机制缺失导致社会激励不足等问题。最后提出发展我国小型渔业自治组织需赋予其渔业管理权力、创新渔业管理制度、完善组织机构、严格按组织章程规范运作、发挥合作社纽带作用以强化信任机制、完善奖惩机制以加强社会激励等建议。

Study on the development of small-scale marine fishery self-governance cooperatives along the coast under the background of rural revitalization strategy

The organized and large-scale management of small-scale fisheries is the international trend of small-scale fisheries management. Based on rural revitalization strategy, the decentralization of government of small-scale fisheries management power to small-scale fisheries cooperatives and realization of small-scale fishery cooperatives self-governance are of great practical significance to develop Chinese small-scale fisheries self-governance cooperatives. It is the key to solve the problems of low efficiency, high cost and poor performance in the management of small-scale fisheries in China. Through field surveys of Chinese and Japanese small-scale fishery cooperatives, self-governance theory,learning from the analysis of Japanese small-scale fishery self-governance cooperatives and the enlightenment to development of small-scale fishery self-governance cooperatives in China, this paper points out the problems of lack of self-governance, imperfect organizational structure, unregulated operation, the lack of endogenous motivation, passive regulation, crisis of trust with the lack of cooperation in the role of cooperatives and insufficient social incentives with the lack of reward and punishment mechanism. At last, it is suggested that the development of small-scale fishery self-governance cooperatives should give them the power to manage fisheries, innovative fisheries management systems, improvement of organizational structure, strict operation in accordance with the cooperatives charter, enhancement of trust mechanisms and social incentives and so on.