绿肥翻压与氮肥减施对水稻产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

为探明绿肥山黧豆种植翻压下减量施用化学氮肥的潜力，通过3年田间定位试验，设置冬闲+100% N肥（常规施肥，CK）、山黧豆+60% N肥（GM+N60）、山黧豆+70% N肥（GM+N70）、山黧豆+80% N肥（GM+N80）、山黧豆+不施肥（GM）和冬闲+不施肥（NF）共6个处理，研究不同处理对水稻产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，山黧豆与氮肥减量配施能提高水稻产量，GM+N70和GM+N80处理显著提高水稻产量，分别增产13.84%和7.25%；且能提高稻米糙米率、精米率、整精米率和蛋白质含量，降低垩白度及垩白粒率和直链淀粉含量。其中，GM+N70处理的整精米率最高，为78.02%，垩白粒率最低，为18.11%；GM+N80处理的直链淀粉含量最低，为14.26%。山黧豆与氮肥减量配施能明显提高土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量，对土壤有效磷含量无显著影响。综上，种植翻压山黧豆与氮肥减量20%~30%配施有利于提高水稻产量、品质及土壤肥力，为构建四川稻区山黧豆种植翻压还田后科学施用氮肥提供理论依据。

Effects of Green Manure Turning Over and Nitrogen Reducing on Rice Yield,Quality and Soil Fertility

In order to explore the effect of reducing the application of N fertilizer in green manure Lathyrus sativus on rice yield, quality and soil fertility, six treatments were set up including winter fallow + 100% N fertilizer (CK), Lathyrus sativus + 60% N fertilizer (GM+N60), Lathyrus sativus + 70% N fertilizer (GM+N70), Lathyrus sativus + 80% N fertilizer (GM+N80), Lathyrus sativus + no fertilizer (GM) and winter fallow + no fertilization (NF). The results of three years field experiments showed that, compared with CK, Lathyrus sativus combined with reducing N fertilizer application could increase rice yield, GM+N70 and GM+N80 treatments significantly increased rice yields, which increased by 13.84% and 7.25%, respectively. And Lathyrus sativus combined with reducing N fertilizer application could improve brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate and protein content; reduce chalkiness, chalkiness grain rate and amylose content of rice. The head milled rice rate of GM+N70 treatment was the highest (78.02%), the chalkiness grain rate was the lowest (18.11%). The amylose content of GM+N80 treatment was the lowest (14.26%). The combined application of Lathyrus sativus and N fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium. In conclusion, Lathyrus sativus and reducing N fertilizer application by 20%~30% should be beneficial to rice yield, quality and improvement of soil fertility, which provided theoretical basis for scientific application of N fertilizer after turning over Lathyrus sativus in Sichuan region.