不同水肥管理模式对烤烟养分积累及烟叶品质的影响

为探究适合河南烟区应用的水肥管理模式，促进烟株对养分的吸收，提高烟叶产量和品质，以中烟100为试验材料，通过大田试验，比较常规水肥管理模式（CK）、常规施肥+滴灌（T1）、优化施肥+滴灌（T2）三种管理模式下烤烟叶片生物学产量、烟叶三要素含量及积累量、烤后烟叶经济性状和品质性状的差异。结果表明，与CK相比，T1处理烤烟叶片生物量提高了21.59%，烟叶N、P和K的积累量分别提高9.56%、54.78%和30.52%，烟叶产量、产值和上等烟比例分别提高6.45%、8.04%和30.48%；T2处理烤烟叶片生物量提高了33.36%，烟叶N、P、K的积累量分别提高了12.24%、98.75%、83.47%，烟叶产量、产值和上等烟比例分别提高了9.68%、15.05%、42.79%。T1和T2处理烤后烟叶的总糖、还原糖含量及糖碱比显著高于CK，烟叶氯含量显著降低，钾含量和钾氯比显著提高，烟叶的燃烧性均明显改善，感官质量提高，其中，T2处理烟叶化学成分协调性更好，其中部叶的香气、舒适度、甜度、杂气及刺激性分值及上部叶的香气、甜度、杂气分值明显高于CK。由此可见，优化施肥+滴灌模式适宜在河南省烟区推广应用，为河南烟区烟叶优质丰产的水肥管理模式奠定了科学依据。

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Management Modes on Nutrient Accumulation and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

To explore the suitable water and fertilizer management model for Henan tobacco areas, promote the nutrient uptake of tobacco plants and improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, Zhongyan 100 was as experimental material, and the field experiment was conducted to compare the differences of biological yield, content and accumulation of three elements of tobacco leaves, economic traits and quality traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves under three management modes including conventional water and fertilizer management (CK), conventional fertilization combined with drip irrigation (T1) and optimized fertilization combined with drip irrigation (T2). The results showed that, compared with CK, the leaf biomass of flue-cured tobacco treated with T1 increased by 2159%; the accumulations of N, P and K of tobacco leaves increased by 9.56%, 54.78% and 30.52%, respectively; and the yield, production value and the proportion of superior tobacco increased by 6.45%, 8.04% and 30.48%, respectively. The leaf biomass of tobacco plants in T2 treatment increased by 33.36%; the accumulation of N, P and K in tobacco leaves increased by 12.24%, 98.75% and 83.47%, respectively; and the yield, production value and proportion of top grade tobacco increased by 9.68%, 15.05% and 42.79%, respectively. In T1 and T2 treatments, the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and sugar-alkali ratio of flue-cured tobacco leaves were significantly higher than those in CK, the chlorine content of the tobacco leaves decreased significantly, while the potassium content and potassium-chlorine ratio significantly increased, and the combustibility and sensory quality of tobacco leaves improved significantly. Among three treatments, T2 treatment had better coordination of chemical components in tobacco leave, and the scores of aroma, comfort, sweetness, miscellaneous gas and irritation in the middle and the upper leaves were significantly higher than those in CK. Therefore, the optimized fertilization combined with drip irrigation mode (T2) was suitable for popularization and application in Henan Province, which provided a scientific basis for the water and fertilizer management mode of high yield and good quality in tobacco-growing areas of Henan Province.