亳州烟区烤烟不同品种和产区间烟叶钾氯含量的差异分析

为掌握亳州烟区烟叶钾氯含量的特征情况,以2013-2014年在安徽省亳州市4个烤烟主要种植区采集的土壤和烟叶为材料,对不同主栽品种烟叶钾氯含量和土壤理化性状进行了统计分析。结果表明:亳州烟区烟叶钾含量为6.2~21.9 g/kg,下部、中部和上部分别为13.9 g/kg、13.7 g/kg和11.7 g/kg。其中,70%以上的烟叶样品钾含量低于15 g/kg,只有50%的样品钾含量达到10 g/kg以上,少数样品烟叶钾含量能够达到20 g/kg。各产区间同一部位烟叶钾含量均无显著差异,不同品种烟叶钾含量表现为:中烟100龙江911NC89。烟叶氯含量为4.3~20.1 g/kg,下部、中部和上部分别为10.3 g/kg、10.2 g/kg和9.0 g/kg。其中,北部的芦庙和西南的双沟烟叶氯含量相对较低,而北部的张集较高;不同品种同一部位烟叶氯含量均无显著差异。总体而言,亳州烟区烟叶钾含量偏低,氯含量偏高,钾氯比偏低。因此,提钾降氯将是亳州生产优质烟叶的重要任务之一。为了提高烟叶钾含量,应改进施肥方式如采用根区施肥等以提高根区土壤钾素供应,并注重旱期烟田灌溉。为降低烟叶氯含量,烟地应选择氯含量低的土壤,严禁使用含氯肥料,并杜绝大水漫灌。

Variance Analysis on Potassium and Chlorine Contents of Flue-cured Tobacco among Different Varieties and Producing Areas in Bozhou

In order to understand the characteristics of potassium and chlorine contents in tobacco leaves, tobacco leaves of different varieties and soil samples were collected from 2013-2014 in Bozhou, Anhui Province, and the potassium and chlorine contents and soil physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the potassium content of flue-cured tobacco leaves were 6.2~21.9 g/kg. The average potassium content of upper, middle and lower part tobacco leaves were 13.9 g/kg, 13.7 g/kg, and 11.7 g/kg, respectively. The leaf potassium content in over 70% samples were lower than 15 g/kg, while that of only 50% samples were higher than 10 g/kg. Just a few sampless potassium contents were higher than 20 g/kg. There was no significant difference of potassium content in the same position of leaves between difference areas in Bozhou. The potassium content in different varieties followed the order as Zhongyan 100 > Longjiang 911 > NC 89. Chlorine content of flue-cured tobacco leaves were 4.3~20.1 g/kg in Bozhou. The average chlorine content of upper, middle and lower tobacco leaves were 10.3 g/kg, 10.2 g/kg and 9.0 g/kg, respectively. The leaf chlorine contents in Lumiao and Shuanggou were lower than that in Zhangji. There was no significant difference of potassium content in the same position of leaves between varieties in Bozhou. Generally the potassium content in Bozhou tobacco leaves was low, their chlorine content was high, and potassium/chlorine was low. Therefore, how to increase the potassium content and reduce chlorine content was crucial for improving the quality of Bozhou tobacco leaves. In order to increase potassium content of tobacco leaf, we should improve fertilization way, such as applying root zone fertilization, and increasing irrigation during drought period. On the other hand, we should choose soil with low chlorine content as tobacco producing field, forbid to use chlorine fertilizer, and implement free flooding irrigation to reduce leaf chlorine content in Bozhou.