三七种植管理方式对土壤及三七块根砷残留的影响

采用连续跟踪定点监测和室内分析相结合的方法,通过对滇东南三个不同三七种植区域分别对农户分散种植和SOP种植管理方式下三七种植土壤和三七块根As含量进行连续跟踪测定,分析研究了自然种植条件下三七种植管理方式对土壤As残留和三七安全品质的影响。结果表明:土壤砷背景值对三七的安全品质影响较大,在土壤砷背景值较高的区域种植三七,收获后的三七砷平均残留量高于在土壤值较低的区域,经过两年的三七种植管理,三七种植土壤砷含量总体表现为逐年增加的趋势,种植前土壤砷背景值相比,经过两年的三七种植,种植土壤有明显的砷残留现象,不同的管理方式砷残留量有较大的差异,SOP种植管理和农户分散种植管理方式下土壤砷平均残留量分别为7.17 mg/kg和76.38 mg/kg,两者相差10.65倍。总体来看,目前的三七种植状况不容乐观,除自然因素外,三七种植土壤砷的来源还有待对三七种植过程中每个环节及投入品进行深入的研究探讨;而要保障三七产品的安全品质,除了对种植基地的科学选择外,栽培技术的细化改进以及种植监管具有重要的现实意义。

Effects of Planting Management Mode on Arsenic Residue in the Soil and Panax notoginseng

The effect of planting management mode on As residue in soil and Panax notoginseng in 3 different As background values area in southeast Yunnan were studied by using the method of continuous tracking fixed-point test monitoring combined with laboratory analysis. The results elucidated that As blackground values of soil had greater influence on the safety quality of Panax notoginseng. As residue in soil with higher background value was higher than that in soil background values relatively lower area. After 2 a of Panax notoginseng planting, the soil As concentration was in remarkable increasing trend year by year. Compared with the soil background values before planting, after 2 a of Panax notoginseng planting, the phenomenon of arsenic residue in soil was obvious. There were great differences in As residue amount by different management modes. The average As residue were 7.17 mg/kg and 76.38 mg/kg, respectively, with SOP planting management and scattered planting mode. The latter is 10.65 times of the former. On the whole, Panax notoginseng planting situation was not optimistic. Except the natural factors, the source of arsenic in the soil were still waiting for thorough study and discussion on each link and input in the process of Panax notoginseng cultivation. In order to insure the safety and quality of Panax notoginseng products, except the scientific selection of planting base, the refinement and improvement of cultivation technique, and the mornitoring and management were of important and practical significance.