不同腐植酸特性比较及其对土壤与作物的影响

以矿物腐植酸和生物腐植酸为研究对象,比较二者之间的性状差异,同时结合不同施入方式,阐述其对土壤性状及植物生长的影响。结果表明与单施化肥相比,施入矿物腐植酸和生物腐植酸可显著提高土壤有机质11.14%和12.03%、提高全氮含量20.62%和22.26%、提高速效钾含量6.02%和9.28%、提高速效磷含量28.05%和29.49%,改善土壤理化性状;较矿物腐植酸,生物腐植酸处理的土壤与作物效果更优。腐植酸的施入能显著增加油菜产量,提高植株中氮、磷、钾含量,经过60 d的盆栽种植试验,矿物腐植酸和生物腐植酸可分别显著提高油菜干物质重9.43%和16.38%,与施用相同量的有机肥相比,施用腐植酸处理对作物产品及养分含量的效果更好。相比矿物腐植酸,生物腐植酸具有原料获取容易、可再生等特性,在农业生产、土壤改良等方面具有较为广阔的应用前景。

Characteristics of Different Humic Acid and its Effects on Soil and Crops

Based on the different types of humic acids, including mineral-humic acid, bio-humic acid, the study compared the characteristics and the effects of difference humic acid fertilizers on plant growth and soil fertility with the chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer. The results showed that, compared with the chemical fertilizer, the soil organic matter increased 11.14% and 12.03%, total N concentration in soil increased 20.62% and 22.26%, rapid available K concentration in soil increased 6.02% and 9.28%, rapid available P concentration in soil increased 2805% and 29.49% of the mineral-humic acid and bio-humic acid fertilizer treatment. Soil physical and chemical properties was also improved. The bio-humic acid fertilizers could achieve a better effect than humic acid and other organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer. The humic acid fertilizer could increase the yield of rape, and N,P,K concentration in plant. After 60d pot experiment, the dry matter increased 9.43% and 16.38% of the mineral-humic acid and bio-humic acid fertilizer treatment. Compared with the organic fertilizer, humic acid had better effects on crop nutrient content. Compared with mineral-humic acid, bio-humic acids even had broad prospects in soil remediation and water purification in China, saline alkali soil improvement, for example.