垄作稻鱼鸡共生对水稻群体生长特性及产量形成的影响

为了探究水稻垄作栽培和稻鱼鸡共生模式的结合对水稻群体生长特性及产量形成的影响，在总结前人垄作栽培、稻鱼和稻鸡共生模式的研究基础上，提出了水稻垄作栽培养鸡养鱼的种养结合技术，通过设计常规水稻垄作栽培(CK)、水稻垄作养鱼(RF)、水稻垄作养鸡(RC)和水稻垄作养鸡养鱼(RFC)的田间对比试验，研究了不同垄作稻鱼鸡共生模式下的水稻群体生长特性和产量形成。结果表明：与CK处理相比，2年中RFC和RC处理的水稻平均产量能够维持稳定，平均有效穗、每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒重虽有差异，但均未达到显著性差异；RF处理水稻产量、有效穗、每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒重平均降幅分别为29.98%、19.70%、484%、3.99%和5.74%，且均达到显著性水平。2年中RFC、RC处理的茎、叶和穗的干物质平均积累量与CK处理整体不存在显著差异，但较RF处理均显著增加。RFC、RC和CK处理水稻茎和叶在齐穗前干物质积累量显著高于RF处理，平均增幅分别为56.23%、50.66%和54.15%，齐穗后干物质积累量的降幅慢于RF处理，并且维持叶面积指数在较高水平，平均增幅为41.38%、38.35%和38.23%。2年中RFC、RC和CK处理较RF处理均具有较高的群体生长速率、净同化率和光合势，其中群体生长速率增幅分别为77.94%、70.29%和7669%，净同化率为40.07%、39.47%和38.87%，光合势为38.39%、35.49%和35.94%，进而为稻穗积累更多的干物质量和产量的形成奠定基础。综上可知，垄作稻鱼鸡共生和垄作稻鸡共生利于水稻的干物质积累及叶面积指数、群体生长速率、净同化率和光合势的提高，进而保证水稻产量稳定。

Impact of Rice-fish-chicken Ridge Cultivation on Rice Population Growth and Yield

In order to explore the influence of the combination of rice ridge cultivation and rice-fish-chicken cultivation model on the population growth characteristics and yield formation of rice, based on the previous studies on ridge cultivation, rice-fish cultivation and rice-chicken cultivation, the combination technology of raising chickens and raising fish in rice ridge cultivation was put forward. A field experiment with 4 treatments, including conventional rice ridge cultivation (CK), rice-fish ridge cultivation (RF), rice-chicken ridge cultivation (RC), and rice-fish-chicken ridge cultivation (RFC), were carried out to study the growth and yield of rice under different cultivation treatments. The results showed that, the average yields of rice treated in RFC and RC treatments were both similar with CK treatment in two tested years. Although there were differences in average effective panicle, total grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight, there were no significant differences between different treatments. The yield, effective spikes number, total grains per spike, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight of rice in RF treatment all decreased significantly by 29.98%, 19.70%, 4.84%, 3.99% and 5.74%, respectively. In two tested years, the average dry matter accumulation of stems, leaves and spikes in RFC and RC treatments had no significant difference with CK, but increased significantly compared with RF. Dry matter accumulation of rice stems and leaves in RFC, RC and CK treatments was significantly higher than that in RF treatment before full heading, with an average increase of 56.23%, 50.66% and 54.15%, respectively; the decrease of dry matter accumulation after full heading was slower than that in RF treatment, and the leaf area index was maintained at a high level, with an average increase of 41.38%, 38.35% and 38.23%. In two tested years, RFC, RC and CK treatments had higher population growth rate, net assimilation rate and photosynthetic potential than RF treatment, in which the population growth rate increased by 77.94%, 70.29% and 76.69%, net assimilation rate was 40.07%, 39.47% and 38.87%, and photosynthetic potential was 38.39%, 35.49% and 36.69%, respectively. To sum up, rice-fish-chicken ridge cultivation and rice-chicken ridge cultivation could help rice accumulate more dry matter and improve leaf area index, population growth rate, net assimilation rate and photosynthetic potential, thus ensuring the stable rice yield.