播期对胶园林下种植疣柄魔芋产量和品质的影响

为明确胶园林下间作疣柄魔芋的适宜播期，以疣柄魔芋（Amorphophallus virosus）为供试材料，分别以种植面积较大的常规胶园和光照条件更优的全周期胶园为间作林，研究2016年2月25日（SD1）、3月25日（SD2）、4月25日（SD3）三个播期对疣柄魔芋生育期、叶片性状、块茎产量、块茎可溶性糖、蛋白质和淀粉含量的影响。结果显示：全周期胶园林下疣柄魔芋生育期各播期差异不显著，常规胶园林下疣柄魔芋生育期随播期延后而缩短，SD1与SD3差异达显著水平。全周期胶园林下疣柄魔芋叶片数和叶柄基部直径随播期延后而显著增加，叶柄长度受播期影响不显著；常规林下不同播期疣柄魔芋的叶片数无显著差异，叶柄长度和基部直径随播期延后而降低，SD1和SD3差异达显著水平。全周期胶园林下间作疣柄魔芋的平均产量以SD1播期最高，为22.76 t·hm^-2，但三个播期间差异不显著；常规胶园林下间作疣柄魔芋的产量随播期延后而逐渐增加，以SD3播期的产量最高，为10.90 t·hm^-2，与SD1差异达显著水平。播期对胶园林下间作疣柄魔芋的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量无显著影响。综上可知，全周期胶园林下间作疣柄魔芋在2月25日—4月25日间均适宜播种，适当早播有利于其产量形成；常规成龄胶园林下间作疣柄魔芋以3月25—4月25日之间为宜，适当晚播有利于其产量形成；全周期胶园林下疣柄魔芋产量显著高于常规胶园。研究结果可为橡胶园林下疣柄魔芋的高产高效栽培技术提供理论依据。

Influence of Sowing Date on Yield and Quality of Knojac (Amorphophallus virosus) Intercropping in Rubber Plantation#br#

In order to determine the suitable sowing date of konjac (Amorphophallus virosus) intercropping in rubber garden, two types of rubber-konjac intercropping systems, whole production cycle intercropping rubber plantation (WPCIRP) and conventional rubber plantation (CRP) were established in present study. Three sowing dates, February 25th (SD1), March 25th (SD2) and April 25th (SD3) in 2016 were set up, and the effects of sowing date on growth period, leaf characteristics, tuber yield, and contents of soluble sugar, protein and starch of konjac tuber were investigated. The results showed that there was no significant difference among sowing date treatments in growth period of konjac under WPCIRP, but the growth period under CRP was shortened with the delay of sowing date, and there was significant difference between SD1 and SD3 treatments. Leaf numbers and petiole base diameter of konjac intercropping in WPCIRP increased significantly with the delay of sowing date, but the petiole length was not significantly affected by sowing date. There was no significant difference in leaf number of konjac under WPCIRP among different sowing date treatments. The petiole length and base diameter of konjac decreased significantly with the delay of sowing date. The average yield of konjac intercropped under WPCIRP was the highest at SD1 sowing date, which was 22.76 t·hm^-2, but there was no significant difference among three sowing date treatments. The yield of intercropping konjac in CRP increased gradually with the delay of sowing date, the yield of SD3 was the highest and significantly higher than that of SD1. Sowing date had no significant effect on the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and starch of konjac tuber. To sum up, the intercropping of konjac under WPCIRP was suitable for sowing from February 25th to April 25th, and proper early sowing was beneficial to its yield formation. It was better to intercrop konjac from March 25th to April 25th under CRP, and proper late sowing was beneficial to its yield formation. The yield of konjac in WPCIRP was significantly higher than that in CRP. The present research provided theoretical basis for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of konjac intercropping in rubber plantation.