植保无人机作业参数对雾滴在火龙果树冠层沉积分布的影响

为探究多旋翼植保无人机作业参数对火龙果树冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响，应用极飞P20多旋翼植保无人机对火龙果树进行喷雾作业，采用正交试验对主要作业参数（航线方向、作业高度与作业速度）进行优选。结果表明，植保无人机对火龙果树施药在航线平行于种植行、作业高度为1.5 m (距离冠层顶部高度)、作业速度为1.5 m·s-1条件下，雾滴在火龙果树各个冠层的雾滴沉积密度，覆盖率最大。极差分析结果显示，作业速度是雾滴沉积密度和火龙果树上层雾滴覆盖率的最主要影响因素；而作业高度是火龙果树中层、下层雾滴覆盖率和雾滴分布均匀性的最主要影响因素，当作业高度为1.5 m 时雾滴分布均匀性最好。根据P20多旋翼植保无人机喷雾在火龙果树冠层的雾滴沉积分布情况，对植保无人机的作业参数进行了优选，为提高植保无人机施药雾滴在火龙果树冠层的有效沉积分布，实现所选机型在火龙果树病虫害防控中的高效应用奠定了基础。

Effects of Spraying Parameters of Plant Protection Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on Deposition Distribution of Droplets in Pitaya Canopy

To explore the effects of operating parameters of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) on droplet deposition distribution in pitaya canopy, the P20 multi-rotor electric plant protection UAV was used to carry out spray test on pitaya trees. The main operating parameters (flight height, flight speed and flight route direction) were optimized by orthogonal test. The results indicated that, when the flight route was parallel to the planting line with flight height 1.5 m (height from the top of the canopy) and flight speed 1.5 m·s-1, the droplet deposition density and coverage rate in each canopy of pitaya trees both reached peaks. The results of range analysis showed that, flight speed was the most important factor affecting the droplet deposition density and the droplet coverage in the upper layer of pitaya canopy, and flight height was the most important factor affecting the droplet coverage in the middle and lower layers of pitaya canopy as well as the droplet deposition uniformity. The droplet deposition uniformity measured the best when the flight height was 1.5 m. According to the deposition distribution of droplets in pitaya canopy, the operating parameters of P20 multi-rotor electric plant protection UAV were optimized, which provided reference for improving the effective deposition distribution of spray droplets in the canopy of pitaya trees, and realizing the efficient application of the selected type of plant protection UAV in the prevention and control of diseases and pest of pitaya.