白洋淀湖心岛分散式鸭养殖污染控制技术研究

白洋淀分散鸭养殖产生的污染物是导致其水体污染的主要来源之一。依据“减量化、就地处置资源化、养分循环”思路,提出湖心岛分散鸭养殖污染控制模式,主要包括：鸭粪收集系统（收集网、径流和冲洗水收集沟）、鸭粪沼气发酵与利用系统、沼液湿地净化和沼渣利用系统。选择安新县安新镇王家寨村占地5 000 m2养殖1 500只鸭的湖心岛建立综合控制示范工程。2010年4~11月,示范工程在典型降雨日和非降雨日排水的COD、总氮、总磷分别为351 mg/L、74.2 mg/L、7.1 mg/L和214 mg/L、42.1 mg/L、5.3 mg/L,水质符合《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》（GB 18596-2001）；这是由于源头收集系统收集了陆上活动区40%的鸭粪,同时末端处理系统（沉淀池+人工湿地）对养鸭废水污染物的高效削减。沼气池产生的沼气和剩余的沼液沼渣可以作为能源和肥料加以利用。本文集成湖心岛分散鸭养殖污染控制模式简便、适用,具有推广价值。

Studies on Technology for Controlling Pollutants from Decentralized Duck Breeding at Islet of Baiyangdian

The pollutant from decentralized duck breeding in Baiyangdian is one of the major sources of its water body. This paper puts forward a controlling mode of decentralizing buck breeding at islet of Baiyangdian, including duck dung collecting system(collecting network, collecting ditch for runoff and washing water), duck dung fermenting methane and waste utilization system, terminal wastewater treatment system. The controlling demonstration engineering was established in an islet with 5 000 m2 land and raising 1 500 ducks at Wangjiazhai Village, Anxin Town, Anxin County. From April to November 2010, the concentration of COD, TN, TP in wastewater discharged from duck breeding farm was 351 mg/L, 74.2 mg/L, 7.1 mg/L on the rain days, and 214 mg/L, 42.1 mg/L, 5.3 mg/L on non-rainy days, which was lower than allowable discharge standard value of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding(GB 18596-2001). It could be attributed to the source-collecting 40 percent of duck manure distributed in duck recreation area, and the effective removal of pollutants in wastewater discharged from duck breeding by terminal treatment system. The biogas produced from biogas tank could also be used to meet duck farmers demand for energy in their daily life. In summary, this technology could decrease the pollutants movement from duck breeding farm to the water body. This controlling mode of decentralizing buck breeding at islet is easy, operational, and of extension value.