控失性缓释肥对棉花主茎叶衰老特性及产量和品质的影响

以常规棉国欣棉3号和杂交棉国欣棉8号为材料，于2010-2011年在大田条件下研究了棉花专用控失性缓释肥对叶片衰老及产量和品质的影响。与等养分普通施肥（磷肥一次性基施、氮肥和钾肥除基施外于盛花期追施一次）相比，控失性缓释肥(控失剂与化肥分子相互作用，可网捕化肥分子，减小其流动性)一次性基施显著增加了国欣棉8号中后期的主茎叶钾含量（增幅16.7%~37.7%），提高了叶片的光合速率和可溶性蛋白含量，增强了抗氧化酶SOD和CAT活性，减少了活性氧和MDA含量，降低了棉株吐絮后期的黄叶率（337%），提高了纤维上半部平均长度和断裂比强度。控失性缓释肥不影响棉花籽棉总产量，对国欣棉3号的叶片衰老无明显影响，可作为黄淮海棉区简化施肥的措施之一。

Effects of Controlled Loss Fertilizer on Cotton Leaf Senescence,Yield and Fiber Quality

A two\|year (2010-2011) field experiment was conducted to study the effects of cotton\|special controlled loss fertilizer (CLF) on cotton leaf senescence, yield and fiber quality, using conventional cotton variety Guoxinmian3 and hybrid cotton variety Guoxinmian8 as materials. Compared with the control (applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizers while sowing and top\|dressed at full\|flowering stage, and applying phosphate fertilizer equivalent while sowing), CLF could utilize the molecular interactions between lose control agent and fertilizers, trap and reduce the loss of fertilizer significantly, increase leaf potassium (K) content by16.7%~37.7% during boll\|filling and early boll\|opening period therefore raise the net photosynthetic rate and leaf soluble protein content, enhance the activities of SOD and CAT, as well as reduce the reactive oxygen and MDA contents. The yellow leaves rate of Guoxinmian8 at the late boll\|opening stage was obviously decreased by 33.7%, thus its fiber length and strength was improved. However, CLF did not impact total seed cotton yield of both varieties. CLF had no obvious influence on leaf senescence of Guoxinmian3. Considering its just one time application, CLF could be a simplified fertilization in Huang\|Huai\|Hai cotton production region.