玉米主要病害抗性遗传研究进展

玉米病原微生物来源广泛,包括真菌、细菌、病毒和卵菌纲等,常在叶片、雌雄穗和根茎等部位引起病症, 对玉米生产造成严重影响。玉米属异花授粉作物,地域分布广泛,遗传资源丰富,基因组多样性明显,蕴含着 大量质量和数量性状抗病位点。近年来,针对玉米主要病害开展了大量的抗病基因定位和发掘工作。到目 前为止,至少克隆了4个主效抗病基因,定位了大量的抗病基因/QTL位点,获得了一批抗病获选基因。在理论 研究的基础上,积极开展分子标记辅助的抗病基因/QTL的回交导入和聚合工作,取得了明显的改良效果。从 玉米真菌病害、病毒病、卵菌纲和细菌病害等方面,总结了近年来玉米抗病遗传研究的进展。

Progress on Major Gene/QTL for Disease Resistance in Maize

A wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, viruses and oomycetes, induce diseases on leaf, florescence, stalk and root of maize, and pose a grave threat on maize production. Maize is a cross-pollinated crop and rich in genetic resource. Maize has highly diverse in genome architecture and contains a huge number of qualitative and quantitative resistance loci. During the past few years, a great progress has been made towards the gene-mapping and exploration of major disease resistance gene/QTL in maize. Until now, at least 4 major resistance genes were cloned and a number of candidate genes were obtained, along with large-scale mapping of numerous resistance gene/QTL. These researches greatly accelerated marker-assisted introgression or polymerization of resistance genes/QTLs into high-yield potential but susceptible maize lines, and this is proved to be very efficiency in resistance breeding program. In this paper, we summarized the recent progress on maize resistance to major diseases caused by fungi, viruses, bacteria and oomycetes.