我国农户收入及其差异的影响因素实证分析——基于收入决定方程和夏普里值分解方法

改革开放以来我国经济发展取得了巨大的成就,但其成果并未惠及全民。农户间的收入差距在不断扩大,这不仅加剧了农村贫困问题,削弱农户收入增长,而且对我国经济的可持续发展以及社会的和谐与稳定产生严重的影响。首先运用农户收入决定方程对江苏省、河南省和四川省抽样调查的566户农户的截面数据进行分析,确定影响农户收入的主要因素;其次,运用夏普里值分解方法分析了各显著因素对农户收入差异的贡献率。研究结果表明:农户家庭劳动力平均外出务工时间是影响农户收入增长及差异的最重要因素,劳动力平均受教育年限次之。基于上述结果认为加快农村非农产业发展、增加非农就业机会,加大财政对农村教育的投入、提供平等的受教育和培训机会,将有利于在持续增加农户收入的同时缩小农户间的收入差异。

Empirical Analysis of Factors on Farmers Income and Differences in China ——Based on the Income Decision Equation and Shapley Value Decomposition

Since the reform and opening up, Chinas economic development has made great achievements, but it did not benefit all. The income gap among the famers expanded continuously, which not only exacerbated the problem of rural poverty and weakened the income growth of farmers, but also seriously affect the harmony and stability for the sustainable development of Chinese economy and society. This paper firstly analyzed by income decision equation cross\|section data collected from 566 households of sample survey in Jiangsu, Henan and Sichuan Provinces and determined the major factors affecting the farmer households incomes. Secondly, it analyzed the contribution of each significant factor on the income differences between households by Shapley value decomposition. The results showed that the average outdoor\|work time of household labor force during a year was the most important factor affecting households income increase and differences in between. And the average education years of labors took the second place. Based on the above mentioned results, this paper suggested that speeding up the development of non\|agricultural industries in rural areas, increasing the non\|agricultural employment opportunities, adding financial input to rural education, and providing equal access to education and training to farmers will sustainably increase farmers incomes, and reduce the differences between farmers incomes at the same time.