公海柔鱼类资源丰度与海洋环境关系的研究

利用2002-2014年的公海柔鱼类(Ommastrephidae)渔场的渔获资料结合同期海洋环境数据,采用渔获产量重心算法和广义加性模型(GAM)方法,分析了北太平洋巴特柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)、西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus Castellanos)和东太平洋秘鲁茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)三大公海柔鱼类渔场重心的变化趋势,探讨了主要海洋环境因子(海表温度、叶绿素a浓度和海流)对渔场的影响关系。结果表明:北太平洋柔鱼渔场高产的最适海表温度区间为15~20℃,最适叶绿素a浓度为0.20~0.60 mg/m3;西南大西洋的阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场最适海表为9~14℃,最适叶绿素a浓度为0.60~1.65 mg/m3;东太平洋秘鲁茎柔鱼渔场最适海表温度为18~23℃,最适叶绿素a浓度为0.16~0.40 mg/m3。GAM模型检验结果显示海表温度与资源丰度有显著的相关性,对中心渔场具有关键的指示作用。渔场位置一般出现在不同海流流隔的交汇区,研究认为可根据渔场变化的海况信息及时调整渔场的作业区域,提高生产效率。

Study on Relationship between Resources Abundance of Squids and Marine Environment in High Seas Fishing Grounds

This paper discussed the gravity change situation of resource center on fishing ground for Ommastrephes bartramii in the North Pacific, Illex argentinus Castellanos in the Southwest Atlantic and Dosidicus gigas in East Pacific, which made a comprehensive relationship between fisheries and major marine environment factors(sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, and ocean current), by collating and analyzing the 3 ocean squids fishing grounds historical production data (2002-2014) in combination with the marine environment data at the same period, and using the production center of gravity method and generalized additive model (GAM). The results showed that the optimal sea surface temperature(SST ) range of the North Pacific fishery was 15~20℃, the optimal chlorophyll-a concentration range was 0.20~0.60 mg/m3; the optimal SST range of fishing ground for Illex argentinus Castellanos in the Southwest Atlantic was 9~14℃, the optimal chlorophyll-a concentration range was 0.60~1.65 mg/m3; the optimal SST range of fishing ground for Dosidicus gigas in East Pacific was 18~23℃, the optimal chlorophyll-a concentration range was 0.16~0.40 mg/m3. GAM test results showed that SST had a significant correlation to resource abundance and was a key indicator to the central fishing grounds. Generally fisheries position appeared at the intersection of different ocean current rip. This study sugessted that the production efficiency could be improved by adjusting fisheries center of gravity and improving production efficiency, according to sea state information of times change in fishery.