海洋寡糖诱导植物抗逆性的研究进展

海洋寡糖是海洋多糖经过降解得到的一系列寡糖片段,具有独特的分子结构和生物学活性,作为外源诱导物对植物生长及防御反应具有一定的调节作用,是一种新型、天然的植物生长调节剂。海洋寡糖以壳寡糖、褐藻寡糖、琼胶寡糖、卡拉胶寡糖、石莼寡糖等为代表。植物细胞识别海洋寡糖信号分子后,诱发活性氧爆发,引起信号分子传导,激发相关防御基因的表达,诱导植物防御酶活性提高,合成植物抗逆物质,提高植物抗逆能力。从海洋寡糖的种类、作用机制及作用特点3方面阐述了海洋寡糖在植物抗逆诱导方面的研究进展,以期为海洋寡糖在植物抗逆方面的应用研究提供参考。

Research Progress on Plant Stress Resistance Induced by Marine Oligosaccharides

Marine oligosaccharides degraded from the polysaccharides in marine organisms are a series of oligosaccharide fragments. Marine oligosaccharides have special molecule structure and biological activity, so they are new-style, natural plant growth regulators, which can be used exogenously to influence plant growth and stress resistance. Main marine oligosaccharides include chitosan oligosaccharides, alginate oligosaccharides, agaro-oligosaccharides, carrageenan oligosaccharides and ulva oligosaccharides, etc. They can bind to the specific receptors located in the plasma membrane and trigger signaling pathways. The activation of these signaling pathways make defensing genes express. Thus, marine oligosaccharides induced the activity of related resistance enzymes, and accumulation of stress resistance compounds, and then can enhance the protection against adversity stress in plants. This paper summarized the kinds of marine oligosaccharides used at present, and the mechanism of plant stress resistance induced by marine oligosaccharides, so as to provide references for the applied research of marine oligosaccharides in plant stress resistance.