精准农业技术对生态环境的影响评价研究进展

精准农业是保证作物产量和农业环境质量双赢的重要途径。综述了水肥精准管理和病虫草害精准管理的生态环境效益,精准农业通过节省资源投入、减少资源损失、提高利用效率,降低农业生产对土壤和水体环境的污染。但目前的评价内容主要集中在资源投入、残留损失、利用效率以及水土质量方面;其次,由于田间变量信息的获取途径不一致、模型预测和田间应用效果的差异、土壤质地以及作物种类的不同等原因,导致精准农业的环境效益评价结果不确定性较大。未来研究应建立精准农业技术田间定位试验,进行长期的生态环境效益评价研究,为精准农业技术的推广和应用提供数据支持。

Research Progress on Impact Evaluation of Precision Agriculture Technology on Ecological Environment

Precision agriculture is an important win-win path that ensures crop yield and protects the agro-environment. This paper reviewed the environmental benefits of water and fertilizer precision application and pest disease and weed precision management. By saving resource input, reducing resource loss, enhancing utilization efficiency, precision agriculture dropped soil and water environment porution brought by agriculture production. However, at present the evaluation was mainly focused on resource input, utilization efficienc, and soil and water quality. The acquisition ways of field variable information were different. There were differences between model prediction and field application effect. Soil quality and crop species were different. All these factors had led to the uncertainty of environment effect evaluation of precision agriculture. Future studies should establish a field fixed location trial for precision agriculture technology; carry out long-term ecological environment benefit evaluation, so as to supply valuable data for popularization and application of precision agriculture technology.