不同品种公猪睾丸、精液品质发育规律及相关性研究

为明确公猪睾丸在选育中的意义，研究公猪睾丸参数、精液质量参数的发育性规律以及两者间的关联性。选择936头分布在280～1 409日龄的生产公猪，其中589头杜洛克、233头长白、114头大白。对睾丸和精液质量参数采用一般线性模型，以品种和日龄分组为固定因素进行多变量分析；使用二次项模型分品种分别对睾丸总体积和有效精子数进行发育曲线拟合；控制日龄变量，对睾丸与精液质量参数进行偏相关性分析。在睾丸大小方面：杜洛克>大白>长白，其中杜洛克与大白差异不显著（P>0.05），但两者均极显著（P<001）高于长白；在精液质量整体比较上：长白优于杜洛克优于大白，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；但在体积、密度、活力和畸形率上，三品种公猪均存在显著（P>0.05）或极显著(P<0.01)差异；睾丸随日龄增长呈先增大后萎缩趋势，精液整体质量随日龄增长呈下滑趋势；三品种公猪睾丸的大小均与精液量和有效精子数呈正相关，且大部分具有显著（P<0.05）或极显著性(P<0.01)。同日龄时期，三品种公猪睾丸的大小顺序为杜洛克>长白>大白，其中长白大于大白具有普遍性； 综合来看，三品种的精液质量比较结果为长白优于杜洛克优于大白，其中长白优于大白具有普遍性；公猪睾丸萎缩临界日龄可用于公猪淘汰依据，选育公猪时可重点选留睾丸较大者。

Developmental Rule and Correlation of Testicular and Semen Quality in Different Breeds of Boars

In order to clarify the significance of boar testicles in selection, the developmental rule of testicular and semen quality parameters and their correlation between them were studied. In this experiment, 936 boars distributed in the age of 280～1 409 d were selected as materials including 589 Duroc, 233 Landrace and 114 Yorkshire. Multivariate analysis of testicular and semen quality parameters was performed by using a general linear model with fixed factors of variety and day-age grouping. Time-development curve fitting of total testicular volume and effective sperm count was carried out separately using a quadratic model depending on the variety. Partial correlation analysis between testicular and semen quality parameters was performed by controlling age variables. Comparison of testicular size parameters showed Duroc> Yorkshire > Landrace, in which Duroc and Yorkshire were not significantly different (P>0.05), but both were extremely significant (P<0.01) higher than Landrace. In terms of semen quality, Landrace was better than Duroc, and Duroc was better than Yorkshire, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). However, in the volume, density, vigor and deformity rate, the differences were significant (P>0.05) or extremely significant (P<001) among the three breeds of boars. The testicles increased first and then atrophied with aging, and the overall quality of semen decreased with aging. The size parameters of the testes in three boar breeds were positively correlated with the amount of semen and the number of effective sperm, and most of them were significant (P<0.05) or extremely significant (P<0.01). At the same age, the testicular size of the three breeds of boars was Duroc> Landrace> Yorkshire, in which the fact that Landrace was universally greater than Yorkshire. Taken together, the results of the semen quality comparison of the three varieties showed Landrace was better than Duroc, Duroc was better than Yorkshire, and Landrace was superior to Yorkshire which was universal. The age when boar testicular atrophy begins could be used to establish a boar elimination time. When selecting a boar, one with the larger testicl should be focused on.