不同剥制机械对苎麻纤维产量及品质的影响

为明确不同纤维剥制机械对苎麻纤维产量和品质的影响，以苎麻品种‘中苎3号’为试验材料，研究了3种剥制机械（简易刮麻器、回拉式剥麻机、反拉式剥麻机）对原麻颜色、出麻率、单纤维强力和含胶量的影响。结果表明，不同机械剥制原麻产量与品质存在显著差异。3种机器剥制的原麻颜色均偏黄色，简易刮麻器剥制的麻纤维明度最亮，反拉式剥麻机剥制的原麻红色最深。简易刮麻器剥制麻与回拉式剥麻机剥制麻出麻率无显著差异，显著低于反拉式剥麻机剥制麻，但反拉式剥麻机出麻率较高,原因主要是总胶质含量显著较高（28.21%）。不同剥制机械所获原麻的单纤维强力也存在显著差异，由高到低依次为简易刮麻器＞回拉式剥麻机＞反拉式剥麻机。综上所述，简易刮麻器剥制原麻质量最好，回拉式剥麻机优于反拉式剥麻机。上述结果为苎麻剥麻机的选择提供理论依据。

Effects of Different Decorticators on the Yield and Quality of Ramie Fiber

In this study, 3 kinds of ramie decorticators simple, pull-back drawing and reverse drawing were set up to check the effects of different peeling technologies on the fresh weight stripping percentage, color difference, single fiber strength and chemical components of ramie fiber. The results showed that the yield and quality of ramie fiber produced by different decorticators were significantly different. All kinds of fibers were nearly yellow, simple-peeled fiber was the brightest, while the color of reverse-peeled fiber was the reddest. There were no significant differences on the fresh weight stripping percentage between the simple and pull-back drawing decorticator, which was significantly lower than that of reverse drawing decorticator. However, the main reason for the higher fresh weight stripping percentage of the reverse drawing decorticator was the significantly higher total gum content (28.21%). There were significant differences in single fiber strength among 3 kinds of fibers, and the single fiber strength, from high to low, was simple peeled>pull-back peeled>reverse peeled (25.86 cN). In conclusion, the quality of ramie peeled by simple drawing decorticators was best, pull-back drawing decorticator was better than reverse drawing decorticator. The results provided a theoretical basis for decorticator selection.