东北地区春玉米生育期内气候资源变化特征

为明确东北地区春玉米生育期内不同生育阶段气候资源的变化规律，基于东北地区40个农业气象试验站点的物候期观测记录及相应的气象站点逐日气象数据，对比分析了1981-1999年、2000-2016年春玉米营养生长期、并进期、生殖生长期和全生育期平均温度、生长度日、降水量、高温度日的时空变化特征。结果显示：①1981-2016年，东北地区春玉米全生育期及不同生育阶段的平均温度、生长度日和高温度日在空间分布上总体呈现相同的自东北向西南逐渐增加的趋势，降雨量呈现自西北向东南增加的趋势。②相比1981-1999年，2000-2016年春玉米全生育期及不同生育阶段的平均温度和生长度日总体呈现增加趋势，局部趋势不明显。降雨量在各生育期变化不明显，吉林省和辽宁省在并进期略有下降，黑龙江省在生殖生长期的降雨量减少。在营养生长期高温度日在空间上有增加趋势，特别是西部地区高温风险频率有较大增加。

Variation Characteristics of Climate Resources During the Growth period of Spring Maize in Northeast China

In order to clarify the changes of climate resources in different growth stages during the growth period of spring maize in Northeast China, this paper analyzed average temperature, growth degree days (GDD), precipitation, and heat degree days (HDD) for the vegetative growth period (VGP), vegetative and reproductive growth period (VRGP), reproductive growth period (RGP) and whole growth period (WGP) of spring maize for the period of 1981—1999 and 2000—2010, based on the phenology observation records of the 40 agro-meteorological experimental stations and the daily meteorological data of the corresponding meteorological stations. The results showed: ① the average temperature, GDD and HDD for the VGP, VRGP, RGP and WGP of spring maize in Northeast China showed the same overall gradually increasing trend from northeast to southwest in spatial distribution, and the rainfall showed gradually increasing trend from northwest to southeast. ②Compared to 1981—1999, the average temperature and GDD for the VGP, VRGP, RGP and WGP of spring maize in Northeast China for the period of 2000—2010 showed an overall increasing trend, and the local trend was not obvious. The rainfall during each growth phase was not changed obviously, Jilin province and Liaoning province experienced slight decrease for the VRGP, Heilongjiang province experienced a decrease in rainfall for the RGP. The HDD showed an increasing trend in space during the VGP, especially in the western of the Northeast China.